A comprehensive review of mechanistic insights into Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco: integration of phytochemistry and pharmacology

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Asia. Being recognized as one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, it has attracted increasing attention for its promising therapeutic potential. This study aims to review the phytopharmacological and safety profile of P. orientalis, offering a scientific foundation for its potential therapeutic applications. Published literatures related to P. orientalis for the past 20 years were retrieved with specific keywords from Web of Science, Ovid Medline, and Scopus databases. Case reports, letters to the editor, and conference proceedings were excluded from the study. P. orientalis has been utilized in various forms, including decoctions, pastes, and essential oils. Its key bioactive constituents comprise monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, fatty acids, and polysaccharides. These compounds collectively contribute to its reported anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective properties. Safety studies have shown that P. orientalis is non-toxic in normal cell lines and rodent models. However, compounds like α-pinene and thujone have demonstrated insecticidal effects. Clinically, P. orientalis has proven effective in promoting hair growth and alleviating osteoarthritis symptoms. Nutraceutical formulations derived from its seed oil have shown promising potential for joint support. Despite the various health benefits, limited clinical evidence has hindered the commercial development of P. orientalis-based nutraceuticals. P. orientalis demonstrates diverse pharmacological activities, highlighting its potential as a complementary therapy and nutraceutical. Future studies should focus on elucidating its mechanisms and optimizing pharmacokinetics in clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and safety.