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<p>Secondary metabolites play crucial roles in cellular processes and physiological activities and act as key components of the plant defense system. Moreover, these compounds offer a multitude of benefits to humans thanks to their biological activities, rendering them increasingly significant in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The plant species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage, and environmental factors during the plant life cycle determine the type and concentration of bioactive molecules produced. Among environmental influences, abiotic stresses, particularly drought and salinity, strongly influence secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Desert plants are of particular interest in this context, as their continuous exposure to extreme water limitation and high salinity has driven adaptive mechanisms that enhance stress-responsive secondary metabolite production. Recent research has highlighted the close interplay between stress signaling and defense response in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Plants manifest various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical responses to drought and salinity, and the mechanisms underlying these responses are examined in this literature review paper. Additionally, we analyzed how biotechnological approaches enhance understanding of the signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites production. These processes occur at subcellular, cellular, organ, and whole plant levels during both in vivo and in vitro growth. Particular focus has been placed on applications of metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways and their intermediates.</p>

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Secondary metabolites of desert and stress-adapted plants: adaptive responses toward salinity and drought stresses, and optimization tools and techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月12日

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  • Hafsa Debbagh-Nour,
  • Fatima Zahra Briache,
  • Ayoub El Mouttaqi,
  • Talal Sabraoui,
  • Marc Ducousso,
  • Hassan Boukcim,
  • Abdelaziz Hirich

摘要

Secondary metabolites play crucial roles in cellular processes and physiological activities and act as key components of the plant defense system. Moreover, these compounds offer a multitude of benefits to humans thanks to their biological activities, rendering them increasingly significant in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The plant species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage, and environmental factors during the plant life cycle determine the type and concentration of bioactive molecules produced. Among environmental influences, abiotic stresses, particularly drought and salinity, strongly influence secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Desert plants are of particular interest in this context, as their continuous exposure to extreme water limitation and high salinity has driven adaptive mechanisms that enhance stress-responsive secondary metabolite production. Recent research has highlighted the close interplay between stress signaling and defense response in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Plants manifest various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical responses to drought and salinity, and the mechanisms underlying these responses are examined in this literature review paper. Additionally, we analyzed how biotechnological approaches enhance understanding of the signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites production. These processes occur at subcellular, cellular, organ, and whole plant levels during both in vivo and in vitro growth. Particular focus has been placed on applications of metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways and their intermediates.