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<p>Plant-derived bioactive compounds and essential oils (EOs) have garnered significant attention in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries due to their broad-spectrum therapeutic activities. These natural compounds exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, making them promising candidates for modern medicine and functional health applications. This review provides a detailed analysis of their chemical composition, mechanisms of action, and recent advancements in extraction methodologies. Key focus areas include their role in treating microbial infections, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore innovative extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and nanoformulations, that enhance bioavailability and clinical efficacy. The challenges of bioavailability, standardization, and regulatory considerations are also discussed, paving the way for future research and potential therapeutic applications in integrative medicine. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific insights, this review highlights the evolving landscape of plant-based medicine and its significance in healthcare innovation.</p>

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Essential oils and plant-derived bioactive compounds: a comprehensive review of their therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and advances in extraction technologies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Sameh S. Ali,
  • Rania Al-Tohamy,
  • Majid Al-Zahrani,
  • Abdelfattah Badr,
  • Jianzhong Sun

摘要

Plant-derived bioactive compounds and essential oils (EOs) have garnered significant attention in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries due to their broad-spectrum therapeutic activities. These natural compounds exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, making them promising candidates for modern medicine and functional health applications. This review provides a detailed analysis of their chemical composition, mechanisms of action, and recent advancements in extraction methodologies. Key focus areas include their role in treating microbial infections, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore innovative extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and nanoformulations, that enhance bioavailability and clinical efficacy. The challenges of bioavailability, standardization, and regulatory considerations are also discussed, paving the way for future research and potential therapeutic applications in integrative medicine. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific insights, this review highlights the evolving landscape of plant-based medicine and its significance in healthcare innovation.