<p><i>Salvia</i> L. (Sage) is a therapeutically important plant genus with over 1000 species worldwide. They are a rich source of novel diterpenes. In this present study, we tried to review the chemistry and pharmacology of the <i>Salvia</i> diterpenes between 2016 and 2024. Therefore, we collected information from various scientific databases, including Scopus and PubMed, using key words “<i>Salvia</i>” AND “Diterpene” OR “Diterpenoid”. This updated review article discussed the phytochemistry and pharmacology of 258 undescribed diterpenes isolated from the <i>Salvia</i> genus between 2016 and October 2024. Studies showed that these diterpenes could be structurally divided into subclasses such as abietanes, clerodanes, icetexanes, labdanes, and fusicoccanes. The reported diterpenes have exhibited various pharmacological effects such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, and neurotrophic activities. According to the results, these diterpenes of <i>Salvia</i> can be the lead compounds for drug discovery, especially for cancer and microbial diseases.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>