A comprehensive insight into the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and therapeutic profile of Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringa oleifera Lam. has garnered widespread recognition as a superfood to combat malnutrition, owing to its exceptional nutrient profile. The rich repertoire of biologically active components, such as isothiocyanates, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols, is being utilized for a multitude of therapeutic activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-fertility. These functional attributes have paved the way for incorporating M. oleifera into diverse applications, from dietary supplements to nano-formulations. Hence, the present review aims to offer an in-depth account of the nutritional composition, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, therapeutic utility, nano-formulations, and toxicity profile of M. oleifera. These collective insights underline the holistic worth of M. oleifera, positioning it as a valuable asset with vast implications for human health and beyond.