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Introduction <p>Patient characteristics and clinical factors could necessitate switching between oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), a phenomenon whose causes and consequences are understudied.</p> Aim <p>Our objectives were to describe longitudinal patterns of OAC switching in patients with AF and to identify factors associated with switching.</p> Method <p>A cohort of adult AF patients were identified in Canadian administrative health data from 1996 to 2019. An OAC switch was defined as a change from one OAC to a different OAC with a gap of ≤ 30&#xa0;days between prescriptions. Switch events were characterized, and factors associated with switches were analyzed using Cox regression.</p> Results <p>The cohort comprised 30,264 patients. One quarter experienced an OAC switch and 22% of those had ≥ 2 switch events. Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) to direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) was the most frequent switch type (63%). Switching to a previous OAC occurred commonly (19%-26%). A quarter of patients who switched from warfarin to a DOAC switched back to warfarin. Hospitalizations for AF, acute renal failure, vascular disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, and/or stroke ≤ 90&#xa0;days before a switch had the highest hazards for VKA to DOAC switch. Hospitalizations for AF, stroke, major bleeding, vascular disease, and/or heart failure (HF) ≤ 90&#xa0;days before a switch had the highest hazards for DOAC to VKA switch. Hospitalizations for AF, major bleeding, acute renal failure, vascular disease, stroke, and/or HF ≤ 90&#xa0;days before a switch had the highest hazards for switch between DOACs.</p> Conclusion <p>OAC switching is frequently required in AF patients, with many needing to return to a previously used agent. Switches may reflect an intention to maximize stroke prevention effectiveness and safety, but further research is needed to assess the risks and benefits of OAC switching.</p>

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Oral anticoagulant switching in patients with atrial fibrillation: a long-term cohort study using population-level administrative data

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Adenike R. Adelakun,
  • Ricky D. Turgeon,
  • Mary A. De Vera,
  • Kim McGrail,
  • Abdollah Safari,
  • Peter S. Loewen

摘要

Introduction

Patient characteristics and clinical factors could necessitate switching between oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), a phenomenon whose causes and consequences are understudied.

Aim

Our objectives were to describe longitudinal patterns of OAC switching in patients with AF and to identify factors associated with switching.

Method

A cohort of adult AF patients were identified in Canadian administrative health data from 1996 to 2019. An OAC switch was defined as a change from one OAC to a different OAC with a gap of ≤ 30 days between prescriptions. Switch events were characterized, and factors associated with switches were analyzed using Cox regression.

Results

The cohort comprised 30,264 patients. One quarter experienced an OAC switch and 22% of those had ≥ 2 switch events. Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) to direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) was the most frequent switch type (63%). Switching to a previous OAC occurred commonly (19%-26%). A quarter of patients who switched from warfarin to a DOAC switched back to warfarin. Hospitalizations for AF, acute renal failure, vascular disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, and/or stroke ≤ 90 days before a switch had the highest hazards for VKA to DOAC switch. Hospitalizations for AF, stroke, major bleeding, vascular disease, and/or heart failure (HF) ≤ 90 days before a switch had the highest hazards for DOAC to VKA switch. Hospitalizations for AF, major bleeding, acute renal failure, vascular disease, stroke, and/or HF ≤ 90 days before a switch had the highest hazards for switch between DOACs.

Conclusion

OAC switching is frequently required in AF patients, with many needing to return to a previously used agent. Switches may reflect an intention to maximize stroke prevention effectiveness and safety, but further research is needed to assess the risks and benefits of OAC switching.