Translation and validation of the CLEO tool in Vietnamese to assess the significance of pharmacist interventions

There is currently no validated tool available for assessing the potential significance of pharmacist interventions in Vietnam.

This study aimed to translate the CLEO tool from French into Vietnamese, validate the Vietnamese version, and demonstrate its feasibility in daily practice.

The CLEO tool was translated into Vietnamese (CLEO_VN) using a 5-step process by bilingual experts. A total of 100 scenarios were compiled from clinical cases from nine hospitals evaluated by seven clinical pharmacists to determine inter-rater reliability and 30 out of 100 scenarios were re-evaluated one month later to determine test–retest reliability. Reliability was quantified using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A 20-item questionnaire on a 7-point Likert scale assessed the tool's appropriateness, acceptability, precision, and feasibility.

Inter-rater reliability was good for clinical dimension (ICC_A,1 = 0.71), excellent for economic dimension (ICC_A,1 = 0.86), and fair for organizational/operational dimension (ICC_A,1 = 0.56). Test–retest reliability scores were excellent for clinical (I̅C̅C̅_A,1 = 0.79), excellent for economic (I̅C̅C̅_A,1 = 0.84), and fair for organizational/operational (I̅C̅C̅_A,1 = 0.56). The tool was rated as appropriate (mean = 5.86; SD = 1.03), acceptable (mean = 5.19; SD = 1.12), precise (mean = 5.71; SD = 1.17), and feasible (mean = 5.05; SD = 1.24). The maximum time required to evaluate an intervention was three minutes.

The CLEO_VN tool was successfully translated and validated for reliability, appropriateness, acceptability, precision, and feasibility. It will be suitable to evaluate the value of clinical pharmacy interventions.