Healthcare Systems and Artificial Intelligence: Focus on Challenges and the International Regulatory Framework

Nowadays, healthcare systems are coping with the challenge of countering the exponential growth of healthcare costs worldwide, to support sustainability and to guarantee access to treatment for all patients.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the technology able to perform human cognitive functions through the creation of algorithms. The value of AI in healthcare and its ability to address healthcare delivery issues has been a subject of discussion within the scientific community for several years.

The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the primary uses of AI in the healthcare system, to discuss its desirable future uses while shedding light on the major issues related to implications within international regulatory processes. In this manuscript, it will be described the main applications of AI in various aspects of health care, from clinical studies to ethical implications, focusing on the international regulatory framework in countries in which AI is used, to discuss and compare strengthens and weaknesses.

The challenges in regulatory processes to facilitate the integration of AI in healthcare are significant. However, overcoming them is essential to ensure that AI-based technologies are adopted safely and effectively.