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<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are resistant to degradation by typical treatment methods. Various technologies utilizing non-equilibrium plasma, including gliding arc plasma (GAP) discharge, show promise for degrading PFAS in water. This study investigated the mechanism by which air GAP discharge degrades PFAS in water. Experiments scavenging aqueous plasma species indicated that hydrated electrons (e<sup>−</sup> <sub>aq</sub>) are important to degradation, but do not play a significant role in mineralization, while reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) appeared to play a negligible role. On the other hand, experiments that scavenged gas-phase charged particles decreased PFAS degradation and completely inhibited mineralization. Based on these results, degradation products, and previous literature on PFAS degradation pathways and GAP treatment of PFAS-contaminated water, several significant pathways for PFAS degradation during GAP treatment were hypothesized: (1) thermal mineralization driven by gas-phase charged particles, (2) H/F exchange driven by free electrons (e<sup>−</sup>) at the plasma-water interface or e<sup>−</sup> <sub>aq</sub> at the plasma-water interface and in the bulk liquid, and (3) fragmentation via charge transfer from gas-phase charged particles. While the significance of gas-phase charged particles to PFAS degradation in water during non-equilibrium plasma treatment has been previously hypothesized and modeled, this study provides the first experimental evidence of their role.</p>

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Unraveling the Role of Gas-Phase Plasma Species in PFAS Degradation During Treatment of Contaminated Water with Submerged Gliding Arc Plasma (GAP) Discharge

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Mikaela J. Surace,
  • Mobish A. Shaji,
  • Erich Heinzel,
  • Jimmy Murillo-Gelvez,
  • Jitlekha Tubsuri,
  • Alexander A. Fridman,
  • Alexander Rabinovich,
  • Erica R. McKenzie,
  • Gregory Fridman,
  • Christopher M. Sales

摘要

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are resistant to degradation by typical treatment methods. Various technologies utilizing non-equilibrium plasma, including gliding arc plasma (GAP) discharge, show promise for degrading PFAS in water. This study investigated the mechanism by which air GAP discharge degrades PFAS in water. Experiments scavenging aqueous plasma species indicated that hydrated electrons (e− aq) are important to degradation, but do not play a significant role in mineralization, while reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) appeared to play a negligible role. On the other hand, experiments that scavenged gas-phase charged particles decreased PFAS degradation and completely inhibited mineralization. Based on these results, degradation products, and previous literature on PFAS degradation pathways and GAP treatment of PFAS-contaminated water, several significant pathways for PFAS degradation during GAP treatment were hypothesized: (1) thermal mineralization driven by gas-phase charged particles, (2) H/F exchange driven by free electrons (e−) at the plasma-water interface or e− aq at the plasma-water interface and in the bulk liquid, and (3) fragmentation via charge transfer from gas-phase charged particles. While the significance of gas-phase charged particles to PFAS degradation in water during non-equilibrium plasma treatment has been previously hypothesized and modeled, this study provides the first experimental evidence of their role.