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<p>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of glass at 1064&#xa0;nm is challenging due to the high transparency of glass, which leads to weak plasma emission, surface damage, and unstable ablation behavior. In this work, a thin copper layer was applied to glass samples to address these limitations. The copper layer acts as an absorptive intermediate layer enabling reliable plasma formation and signal detection, allowing improved detectability and reproducibility of elemental analysis. Detection limits (LODs) for Fe, Ti, Ba, Co, and Cr were determined, ranging from 4 to 13 ppm depending on the element. Cobalt and chromium concentrations were quantified using calibration curves, showing good linearity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.994 for Cr, 0.975 for Co) over 0.01–0.25% analyte concentration. Plasma diagnostics were performed using selected spectral lines to determine excitation temperature and electron density, confirming stable plasma conditions and supporting the observed signal intensities. Overall, the application of a thin copper layer enables effective and reproducible Nd: YAG LIBS analysis of glass at 1064&#xa0;nm. This approach provides a practical solution for quantitative LIBS analysis of transparent materials.</p>

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Copper Thin Film–Assisted LIBS Analysis of Glass Using the Fundamental Wavelength (1064 nm) of the Nd: YAG Laser

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Aleksandra Šajić,
  • Dragan Ranković,
  • Miroslav Ristić,
  • Milica Marković,
  • Miroslav Kuzmanović

摘要

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of glass at 1064 nm is challenging due to the high transparency of glass, which leads to weak plasma emission, surface damage, and unstable ablation behavior. In this work, a thin copper layer was applied to glass samples to address these limitations. The copper layer acts as an absorptive intermediate layer enabling reliable plasma formation and signal detection, allowing improved detectability and reproducibility of elemental analysis. Detection limits (LODs) for Fe, Ti, Ba, Co, and Cr were determined, ranging from 4 to 13 ppm depending on the element. Cobalt and chromium concentrations were quantified using calibration curves, showing good linearity (R2 = 0.994 for Cr, 0.975 for Co) over 0.01–0.25% analyte concentration. Plasma diagnostics were performed using selected spectral lines to determine excitation temperature and electron density, confirming stable plasma conditions and supporting the observed signal intensities. Overall, the application of a thin copper layer enables effective and reproducible Nd: YAG LIBS analysis of glass at 1064 nm. This approach provides a practical solution for quantitative LIBS analysis of transparent materials.