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<p>This study explores the application of an Atmospheric-pressure Cold plasma-based Dielectric Barrier Discharge (ACP-DBD) reactor to enhance soil fertility by increasing concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium. The ACP-DBD system, powered by a bipolar pulsed power supply, was optimized by adjusting applied voltage, frequency, and treatment duration, with optimal plasma conditions identified at 10&#xa0;kV and 20&#xa0;kHz. Reactive species were analysed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). Additionally, the study investigates the reactor’s electrical characteristics and temperature fluctuations, offering insights into its operational performance and efficiency. The optimized ACP-DBD treatment (10&#xa0;kV/20&#xa0;kHz, 15&#xa0;min) resulted in a significant enhancement of nitrogen species in the soil, with NO₃-N concentration increasing from 678.87 to 1858&#xa0;mg/kg, NO₂-N concentration increasing from 0.59 to 2.06&#xa0;mg/kg, and NH₄-N concentration increasing from 1.46 to 11.64&#xa0;µg/kg compared to the untreated soil. To assess the impact of ACP-DBD treatment, key soil properties were analysed, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, bulk density and total porosity. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ICP-MS analysis were conducted for multi-element composition evaluation. Results indicated that plasma treatment influenced the concentration of various soil elements. Additionally, the plasma-treated soil was stored for 30 days to monitor the changes in various nitrogen components over time. Wheat plants were also grown for 30 days to evaluate the growth potential of plasma-treated soil, and accordingly their germination characteristics were analysed. The results indicated that ACP-DBD plasma treatment enhanced plant-available nitrogen species (NO₃⁻-N, NO₂⁻-N, and NH₄⁺-N) in the investigated soil under the specific experimental conditions highlighting its potential for modifying soil nitrogen chemistry for future soil fertility and supporting sustainable agricultural productivity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Soil Nitrogen Enrichment with Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma for Higher Wheat Plants Growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Sushma Jangra,
  • Ritesh Mishra,
  • Abhijit Mishra,
  • Shikha Pandey,
  • Ram Prakash

摘要

This study explores the application of an Atmospheric-pressure Cold plasma-based Dielectric Barrier Discharge (ACP-DBD) reactor to enhance soil fertility by increasing concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium. The ACP-DBD system, powered by a bipolar pulsed power supply, was optimized by adjusting applied voltage, frequency, and treatment duration, with optimal plasma conditions identified at 10 kV and 20 kHz. Reactive species were analysed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). Additionally, the study investigates the reactor’s electrical characteristics and temperature fluctuations, offering insights into its operational performance and efficiency. The optimized ACP-DBD treatment (10 kV/20 kHz, 15 min) resulted in a significant enhancement of nitrogen species in the soil, with NO₃-N concentration increasing from 678.87 to 1858 mg/kg, NO₂-N concentration increasing from 0.59 to 2.06 mg/kg, and NH₄-N concentration increasing from 1.46 to 11.64 µg/kg compared to the untreated soil. To assess the impact of ACP-DBD treatment, key soil properties were analysed, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, bulk density and total porosity. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ICP-MS analysis were conducted for multi-element composition evaluation. Results indicated that plasma treatment influenced the concentration of various soil elements. Additionally, the plasma-treated soil was stored for 30 days to monitor the changes in various nitrogen components over time. Wheat plants were also grown for 30 days to evaluate the growth potential of plasma-treated soil, and accordingly their germination characteristics were analysed. The results indicated that ACP-DBD plasma treatment enhanced plant-available nitrogen species (NO₃⁻-N, NO₂⁻-N, and NH₄⁺-N) in the investigated soil under the specific experimental conditions highlighting its potential for modifying soil nitrogen chemistry for future soil fertility and supporting sustainable agricultural productivity.

Graphical Abstract