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<p>In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor operating in open air was used to activate water with two gas mixtures, argon–nitrogen (Ar + N₂) and argon–oxygen (Ar + O₂), under identical operating conditions. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) revealed distinct excitation dynamics: Ar + N₂ exhibited strong N₂ second positive system (SPS) bands (337.1 and 357.7&#xa0;nm), whereas Ar + O₂ featured dominant atomic oxygen lines (777.4 and 844.6&#xa0;nm). The electron densities were on the order of 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ (Ar + N₂ ≈ 3.3 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³; Ar + O₂ ≈ 2.9 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³). After 20&#xa0;min of treatment, PAW from Ar + N₂ contained 98.7 ppm NO₃⁻, 14.8 ppm NO₂⁻, and 9.9 ppm H₂O₂, whereas Ar + O₂ produced 64.2 ppm H₂O₂, 4.1 ppm NO₂⁻, and 12.2 ppm NO₃⁻. During generation (0–20&#xa0;min), Ar + O₂ consistently yielded a higher oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and electrical conductivity than Ar + N₂, indicating a more oxidative and ionically enriched environment. During storage (up to 4 weeks in the dark), Ar + N₂ samples retained higher residual reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels and sustained ORP despite their lower initial oxidative strength, whereas H₂O₂ in Ar + O₂ PAW decayed more rapidly despite its higher initial concentration. These gas-dependent differences demonstrate the potential tunability of PAW chemistry, which could be exploited for targeted biomedical, agricultural, or catalytic applications.</p>

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Reactive Species and Storage Stability of Plasma-Activated Water from Ar + N₂ and Ar + O₂ DBD Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Maryam G. Jasim,
  • Hammad R. Humud

摘要

In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor operating in open air was used to activate water with two gas mixtures, argon–nitrogen (Ar + N₂) and argon–oxygen (Ar + O₂), under identical operating conditions. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) revealed distinct excitation dynamics: Ar + N₂ exhibited strong N₂ second positive system (SPS) bands (337.1 and 357.7 nm), whereas Ar + O₂ featured dominant atomic oxygen lines (777.4 and 844.6 nm). The electron densities were on the order of 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ (Ar + N₂ ≈ 3.3 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³; Ar + O₂ ≈ 2.9 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³). After 20 min of treatment, PAW from Ar + N₂ contained 98.7 ppm NO₃⁻, 14.8 ppm NO₂⁻, and 9.9 ppm H₂O₂, whereas Ar + O₂ produced 64.2 ppm H₂O₂, 4.1 ppm NO₂⁻, and 12.2 ppm NO₃⁻. During generation (0–20 min), Ar + O₂ consistently yielded a higher oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and electrical conductivity than Ar + N₂, indicating a more oxidative and ionically enriched environment. During storage (up to 4 weeks in the dark), Ar + N₂ samples retained higher residual reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels and sustained ORP despite their lower initial oxidative strength, whereas H₂O₂ in Ar + O₂ PAW decayed more rapidly despite its higher initial concentration. These gas-dependent differences demonstrate the potential tunability of PAW chemistry, which could be exploited for targeted biomedical, agricultural, or catalytic applications.