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<p>The production of plasma-activated water (PAW) through plasma-water interactions represents an innovative approach that has gained significant attention to its potential use for seed germination viability, seedling vitality and overall plant improvement. A wide range of PAW generations are reviewed, highlighting that PAW contains various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that significantly impact plant health and growth. This critical review summarized multifaceted effects of PAW on seed germination, seedling vigor and plant shoots (e.g., leaves, stems) and roots (e.g., rhizomes), and concluded that PAW contributes to synergistic effects on plant overall growth enhancement. The review substantively discussed the mechanisms underlying the effects of PAW to elucidate how RONS impacted plant physiology via breaking dormancy, priming seeds, inducing oxidative stress, boosting water and nutrient uptake, controlling pests and pathogens, and decontaminating harmful substances. Additionally, the prospective implications of PAW for agricultural productivity increment amid environmental impacts, sustainability and other related challenges were also discussed. Based on the evaluation of the reviewed studies, this review offers new insights into the ecofriendly alternative of PAW to conventional agrochemical treatment for plasma agricultural practices.</p>

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Multifaceted Impacts of Plasma-Activated Water on Seed Germination and Plant Development with Implications for Ecological Innovations in Agriculture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Xiang Cai,
  • Bozena Sera

摘要

The production of plasma-activated water (PAW) through plasma-water interactions represents an innovative approach that has gained significant attention to its potential use for seed germination viability, seedling vitality and overall plant improvement. A wide range of PAW generations are reviewed, highlighting that PAW contains various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that significantly impact plant health and growth. This critical review summarized multifaceted effects of PAW on seed germination, seedling vigor and plant shoots (e.g., leaves, stems) and roots (e.g., rhizomes), and concluded that PAW contributes to synergistic effects on plant overall growth enhancement. The review substantively discussed the mechanisms underlying the effects of PAW to elucidate how RONS impacted plant physiology via breaking dormancy, priming seeds, inducing oxidative stress, boosting water and nutrient uptake, controlling pests and pathogens, and decontaminating harmful substances. Additionally, the prospective implications of PAW for agricultural productivity increment amid environmental impacts, sustainability and other related challenges were also discussed. Based on the evaluation of the reviewed studies, this review offers new insights into the ecofriendly alternative of PAW to conventional agrochemical treatment for plasma agricultural practices.