Expanding Marcia’s Identity Status Model: Validating a Three-Component Model of Religious Identity Status
摘要
This study aims to empirically validate Halevy and Gross’s three-component model of religious identity. While usually considered a unidimensional construct, we propose that its conceptual (beliefs), practical (observances), and collective (belonging) components develop independently while maintaining interrelationships. We operationalize this framework by separately assessing Marcia‘s four identity statuses (diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement) for each of the three components, allowing individuals to exhibit different statuses across components simultaneously. To assess all four identity statuses across the components, 725 Orthodox Jewish Israeli participants from various religious sectors (Modern-Orthodox, Ultra-Orthodox, and newly religious) completed the Religious Identity Components Statuses questionnaire. Using confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analyses, and distribution analyses, we examined component independence and developmental patterns. We found support for component independence, though confirmatory factor analysis did not reach conventional threshold requirements. Our results indicated that (1) identity statuses operated differently across components, (2) age-based analysis revealed sequential development patterns (conceptual first, practical second, collective last), and (3) correlation patterns varied systematically across religious sectors, with Ultra-Orthodox Jews showing strong belief-practice alignment while newer believers demonstrated weaker practical-collective connections. This novel model bridges developmental and social perspectives on identity formation and suggests potential implications for religious education and counseling approaches that address specific components rather than treating religious identity as unified. The findings support the theoretical foundation for multidimensional approaches to religious identity development.