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<p>Fungal dynamicity drives rapid adaptation to environmental changes, contributing to the development of antifungal resistance, phenotypic switching, and the emergence of opportunistic pathogenicity. Genomic plasticity or flexibility is a hallmark of fungal evolution, driving fungal diversity through the formation of diverse ecological niches and relationships such as mutualistic, parasitic, and opportunistic, thereby enabling fungi to face external pressures. This review proposes a conceptual framework that integrates three interlinked dimensions of fungal adaptability: genomic plasticity, phenotypic adaptability, and ecological resilience. It explores the mechanisms underlying genotypic and phenotypic changes and the implications of these changes on fungal virulence, environmental adaptation, drug resistance, and biotechnological applications. In addition, the link between environmental pressures and genomic changes is highlighted. A deeper understanding of these genomic dynamics contributes to the design of effective drug therapies so as to reduce the rising antifungal drug resistance issue in the health and agricultural sectors.</p>

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Fungal plasticity drives adaptation and survival across pathogenic and free-living contexts

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Tedros Gebrezgiabhier Gebreyesus

摘要

Fungal dynamicity drives rapid adaptation to environmental changes, contributing to the development of antifungal resistance, phenotypic switching, and the emergence of opportunistic pathogenicity. Genomic plasticity or flexibility is a hallmark of fungal evolution, driving fungal diversity through the formation of diverse ecological niches and relationships such as mutualistic, parasitic, and opportunistic, thereby enabling fungi to face external pressures. This review proposes a conceptual framework that integrates three interlinked dimensions of fungal adaptability: genomic plasticity, phenotypic adaptability, and ecological resilience. It explores the mechanisms underlying genotypic and phenotypic changes and the implications of these changes on fungal virulence, environmental adaptation, drug resistance, and biotechnological applications. In addition, the link between environmental pressures and genomic changes is highlighted. A deeper understanding of these genomic dynamics contributes to the design of effective drug therapies so as to reduce the rising antifungal drug resistance issue in the health and agricultural sectors.