<p>The contribution of forage crops to carbon sequestration in Eastern Africa represented a promising strategy for mitigating the effects of climate change in a region that was highly vulnerable to its impacts. As climate change intensified, understanding the potential for carbon sequestration through agricultural practices became crucial, particularly in regions such as Eastern Africa, where the livelihoods of millions depended on agriculture and livestock. This review explored the importance of forage crops in carbon sequestration, emphasizing their role in improving soil health, enhancing livestock productivity, and promoting biodiversity conservation. It delved into the carbon storage mechanisms in soil and aboveground biomass, and how effective forage crop management could amplify these benefits. Various forage species commonly cultivated in Eastern Africa were assessed for their carbon sequestration potential. However, scaling up these initiatives has faced several challenges, including climate variability, land-use conflicts, economic constraints, and policy and institutional support gaps. To overcome these barriers, this review proposes strategies to enhance the contribution of forage crops to carbon sequestration, such as improved crop management practices, farmer education, and the development of supportive policy frameworks. The paper concluded by highlighting the need for further research to optimize forage crop systems for carbon sequestration and their integration into broader climate change mitigation strategies in Eastern Africa. This approach offered a sustainable pathway for climate resilience that benefited the environment and local communities.</p>