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<p>A novel ternary tellurite phosphate zinc glass system with composition (75-<i>x</i>) TeO<sub>2</sub> + 15ZnO + 10P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + <i>x</i>Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 mol%) was synthesized via melt-quenching method and investigated for photonics applications. The results obtained through XRD analysis proved that the amorphous structure of all compositions. FTIR studies confirmed that there is a structural transformation from TeO<sub>4</sub> to TeO<sub>3</sub> groups in the presence of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dopant. Density, molar volume, refractive index, molar refractivity, and polarizability were measured as a function of Er<sup>3+</sup> content. The density increased from 3.848 to 4.710 g cm⁻<sup>3</sup>, while the molar volume decreased from 41.658 to 34.270 cm<sup>3</sup> mol⁻<sup>1</sup> with increasing Er<sup>3</sup>⁺ content, indicating a more compact glass structure. With increasing Er₂O₃ content, polarizability decreases from 10.892 × 10⁻<sup>24</sup> to 8.494 × 10⁻<sup>24</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>, molar refractivity decreases from 27.477 to 21.429 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, while the refractive index shows corresponding compositional variation due to structural changes in the glass network. The band gap energy and Urbach energy were calculated based on the UV–Visible absorption data using Tauc model. Using the Judd–Ofelt approach, the intensity parameters (Ω<sub>2</sub>, Ω<sub>4</sub>, Ω<sub>6</sub>), and the radiative properties such as transition probability, branching ratio, and lifetime were computed. Judd–Ofelt analysis shows good agreement between experimental and calculated oscillator strengths, while TZPE1 exhibits the highest 1.5 μm transition strength, indicating strong potential for laser and optical amplifier applications. The absorption at <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> (~ 1.52 μm) showed almost a unity branching ratio, showing high efficiency of C-band amplifier. Photoluminescence investigation indicated the optimized value of 0.4 mol% Er<sup>3+</sup> content to maximize the green emission. TZPE1 shows the highest red emission probability (9900.71 s⁻<sup>1</sup>), largest emission cross-Sect.&#xa0;(1.32 × 10⁻<sup>2</sup>⁰ cm<sup>2</sup>), and gain bandwidth (3.35 × 10⁻<sup>2</sup>⁶ cm<sup>3</sup>), indicating enhanced radiative efficiency and strong potential for red-emitting laser and optical amplifier applications.</p>

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Judd–Ofelt analysis and photoluminescent properties of Er3+ doped ternary tellurite phosphate zinc glass for the photonic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Saman Q. Mawlud,
  • Ahmed A. Ahmed,
  • Hazhar H. Mustafa,
  • Aso F. Mohamed,
  • Hiwa L. Hamad,
  • Gailan A. Saber

摘要

A novel ternary tellurite phosphate zinc glass system with composition (75-x) TeO2 + 15ZnO + 10P2O5 + xEr2O3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 mol%) was synthesized via melt-quenching method and investigated for photonics applications. The results obtained through XRD analysis proved that the amorphous structure of all compositions. FTIR studies confirmed that there is a structural transformation from TeO4 to TeO3 groups in the presence of Er2O3 dopant. Density, molar volume, refractive index, molar refractivity, and polarizability were measured as a function of Er3+ content. The density increased from 3.848 to 4.710 g cm⁻3, while the molar volume decreased from 41.658 to 34.270 cm3 mol⁻1 with increasing Er3⁺ content, indicating a more compact glass structure. With increasing Er₂O₃ content, polarizability decreases from 10.892 × 10⁻24 to 8.494 × 10⁻24 cm3, molar refractivity decreases from 27.477 to 21.429 cm3/mol, while the refractive index shows corresponding compositional variation due to structural changes in the glass network. The band gap energy and Urbach energy were calculated based on the UV–Visible absorption data using Tauc model. Using the Judd–Ofelt approach, the intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6), and the radiative properties such as transition probability, branching ratio, and lifetime were computed. Judd–Ofelt analysis shows good agreement between experimental and calculated oscillator strengths, while TZPE1 exhibits the highest 1.5 μm transition strength, indicating strong potential for laser and optical amplifier applications. The absorption at 4I15/2 → 4I13/2 (~ 1.52 μm) showed almost a unity branching ratio, showing high efficiency of C-band amplifier. Photoluminescence investigation indicated the optimized value of 0.4 mol% Er3+ content to maximize the green emission. TZPE1 shows the highest red emission probability (9900.71 s⁻1), largest emission cross-Sect. (1.32 × 10⁻2⁰ cm2), and gain bandwidth (3.35 × 10⁻2⁶ cm3), indicating enhanced radiative efficiency and strong potential for red-emitting laser and optical amplifier applications.