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<p>This study presents a detailed numerical simulation of environmentally friendly, lead-free perovskite solar cells based on (CH₃NH₃SnI₃) using SCAPS-1D software. To address degradation issues and ensure efficiency stability, double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were integrated as an organic hole transport layer (HTL), while fullerene (C₆₀) was employed as the electron transport layer (ETL).the simulation results showed that optimizing the band gap of the DWCNTs layer significantly enhances the built-in potential and improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF). The study recorded a record efficiency of 17.01% and a very high open-circuit voltage (V<sub>O</sub>) reaching 3.9272&#xa0;V at a DWCNTs layer thickness of 5&#xa0;nm. The optimal perovskite layer thickness was also determined to be 1000&#xa0;nm, achieving a balance between light absorption and charge collection, resulting in an efficiency of 10.12%. Furthermore, the device demonstrated remarkable thermal stability at 343&#xa0;K, with an efficiency of 26.78%.These findings confirm that the DWCNTs/CH₃NH₃SnI₃/C₆₀ configuration represents a robust, non-toxic, and high-performance alternative for the next generation of thin-film photovoltaic cells.</p>

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Study double-walled carbon nanotubes as efficient electron transport materials in organic perovskite solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Zahraa H. Abbas,
  • Samir M. Abdul Almohsin

摘要

This study presents a detailed numerical simulation of environmentally friendly, lead-free perovskite solar cells based on (CH₃NH₃SnI₃) using SCAPS-1D software. To address degradation issues and ensure efficiency stability, double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were integrated as an organic hole transport layer (HTL), while fullerene (C₆₀) was employed as the electron transport layer (ETL).the simulation results showed that optimizing the band gap of the DWCNTs layer significantly enhances the built-in potential and improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF). The study recorded a record efficiency of 17.01% and a very high open-circuit voltage (VO) reaching 3.9272 V at a DWCNTs layer thickness of 5 nm. The optimal perovskite layer thickness was also determined to be 1000 nm, achieving a balance between light absorption and charge collection, resulting in an efficiency of 10.12%. Furthermore, the device demonstrated remarkable thermal stability at 343 K, with an efficiency of 26.78%.These findings confirm that the DWCNTs/CH₃NH₃SnI₃/C₆₀ configuration represents a robust, non-toxic, and high-performance alternative for the next generation of thin-film photovoltaic cells.