<p>This work addresses the limitation of annular symmetry in conventional Perfect vortex beams (PVBs). We propose an all-dielectric metasurface based on geometric phase modulation for the efficient generation of elliptical Perfect vortex beams (EPVBs). The designed metamaterial unit cell comprises an array of rectangular pillars exhibiting half-wave plate characteristics. Leveraging geometric phase modulation, precise optimization of the unit cell’s major/minor axes (<i>Dx</i> and <i>Dy</i>), height (<i>h</i><sub><i>2</i></sub>), and rotation angle (<i>β</i>) enables the introduction of continuously tunable phase delay to the cross-polarized component of incident left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) waves. This facilitates the superposition of helical phase, axicon phase, and Fourier lens phase, yielding EPVBs with arbitrary topological charge (<i>l</i>) and ellipticity (<i>e</i>). Numerical simulations demonstrate that within the operational wavelength range of 2800–3200&#xa0;μm the optimized unit cell maintains stable cross-polarized transmission exceeding 64% and provides a full 0–2π phase coverage. The constructed metasurface arrays successfully generate EPVBs with <i>e</i> = 0.6, 0.8, 1.2 and <i>l</i> = 3, 4, as well as fractional-order EPVBs with <i>l</i> = 3.5 and 4.5. The corresponding focal-plane intensity distributions exhibit broadband, highly “perfect” elliptical ring characteristics. Notably, the ring size exhibits insensitivity to topological charge, while adjusting the ellipticity significantly alters the aspect ratio, enabling continuous morphological tuning from flattened to elongated vortex beams. This study not only validates the superiority of geometric-phase metamaterials in generating complex vector electromagnetic fields but also provides a novel and efficient device solution for wave field shaping and particle manipulation in the microwave to terahertz bands, demonstrating significant application potential.</p>

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Elliptical perfect vortex beams based on geometric phase metasurface

  • Xiaoli Zhang,
  • Yingxian Wang,
  • Xiujuan Liu,
  • Ying Tian

摘要

This work addresses the limitation of annular symmetry in conventional Perfect vortex beams (PVBs). We propose an all-dielectric metasurface based on geometric phase modulation for the efficient generation of elliptical Perfect vortex beams (EPVBs). The designed metamaterial unit cell comprises an array of rectangular pillars exhibiting half-wave plate characteristics. Leveraging geometric phase modulation, precise optimization of the unit cell’s major/minor axes (Dx and Dy), height (h2), and rotation angle (β) enables the introduction of continuously tunable phase delay to the cross-polarized component of incident left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) waves. This facilitates the superposition of helical phase, axicon phase, and Fourier lens phase, yielding EPVBs with arbitrary topological charge (l) and ellipticity (e). Numerical simulations demonstrate that within the operational wavelength range of 2800–3200 μm the optimized unit cell maintains stable cross-polarized transmission exceeding 64% and provides a full 0–2π phase coverage. The constructed metasurface arrays successfully generate EPVBs with e = 0.6, 0.8, 1.2 and l = 3, 4, as well as fractional-order EPVBs with l = 3.5 and 4.5. The corresponding focal-plane intensity distributions exhibit broadband, highly “perfect” elliptical ring characteristics. Notably, the ring size exhibits insensitivity to topological charge, while adjusting the ellipticity significantly alters the aspect ratio, enabling continuous morphological tuning from flattened to elongated vortex beams. This study not only validates the superiority of geometric-phase metamaterials in generating complex vector electromagnetic fields but also provides a novel and efficient device solution for wave field shaping and particle manipulation in the microwave to terahertz bands, demonstrating significant application potential.