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<p>In this study, perovskite compounds with the formula La<sub>0.6</sub>Ba<sub>0.1</sub>Ce<sub>0.3-x</sub>Pb<sub>x</sub>FeO₃ (LBCFO (<i>x</i> = 0) and LBCPFO (<i>x</i> = 0.05)) were synthesized using the sol–gel method and thoroughly characterized to assess the influence of Pb substitution on their structural, optical, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of an orthorhombic perovskite structure with reduced secondary phase content upon Pb doping. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed larger and more interconnected grains with improved surface uniformity in the Pb-doped sample. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that Pb-doping changes the distribution of Fe<sup>3+</sup> sites. Optical characterizations using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, indicated a reduction in the optical band gap from 2.92 to 2.78&#xa0;eV with Pb incorporation. In contrast, the Urbach energy increased after Pb substitution, indicating enhanced band-tail broadening near the absorption edge. Optical conductivity studies further demonstrated optical transition strength and increased electronic polarizability in the doped compound. Gas sensing performance was evaluated using ethanol as a target gas. The Pb-doped sample exhibited significantly higher gas response (R<sub>g</sub>/R<sub>a</sub> = 4.14 at 100 ppm), faster response (6.37&#xa0;s) and recovery (5.88&#xa0;s) times compared to the undoped sample. This improvement is attributed to the increased oxygen vacancy concentration and superior surface interaction dynamics enabled by Pb²⁺ substitution. These results highlight the potential of La<sub>0.6</sub>Ba<sub>0.1</sub>Ce<sub>0.25</sub>Pb<sub>0.05</sub>FeO₃ as a promising candidate for low-temperature gas sensing applications and optoelectronic devices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Pb-induced functional enhancement in La0.6Ba0.1Ce0.3FeO3 perovskite toward ethanol gas sensing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Mnassri Seif Eddine,
  • Aref Omri,
  • Imen Hammami,
  • A. Benali,
  • Benilde F. O. Costa,
  • Bruno J. C. Vieira,
  • João C. Waerenborgh,
  • J. Wu,
  • M. F. P. Graca,
  • K. Khiroun

摘要

In this study, perovskite compounds with the formula La0.6Ba0.1Ce0.3-xPbxFeO₃ (LBCFO (x = 0) and LBCPFO (x = 0.05)) were synthesized using the sol–gel method and thoroughly characterized to assess the influence of Pb substitution on their structural, optical, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of an orthorhombic perovskite structure with reduced secondary phase content upon Pb doping. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed larger and more interconnected grains with improved surface uniformity in the Pb-doped sample. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that Pb-doping changes the distribution of Fe3+ sites. Optical characterizations using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, indicated a reduction in the optical band gap from 2.92 to 2.78 eV with Pb incorporation. In contrast, the Urbach energy increased after Pb substitution, indicating enhanced band-tail broadening near the absorption edge. Optical conductivity studies further demonstrated optical transition strength and increased electronic polarizability in the doped compound. Gas sensing performance was evaluated using ethanol as a target gas. The Pb-doped sample exhibited significantly higher gas response (Rg/Ra = 4.14 at 100 ppm), faster response (6.37 s) and recovery (5.88 s) times compared to the undoped sample. This improvement is attributed to the increased oxygen vacancy concentration and superior surface interaction dynamics enabled by Pb²⁺ substitution. These results highlight the potential of La0.6Ba0.1Ce0.25Pb0.05FeO₃ as a promising candidate for low-temperature gas sensing applications and optoelectronic devices.

Graphical abstract