In this paper, a symmetric interdigital plasmonic metamaterial (SIPM) based on Vanadium dioxide (VO \(_{2}\) ) and electro-optical (EO) polymer is proposed, and cooperative thermal-electrical modulation of THz wave are achieved through micro-heater and electrodes. The spectral responses and modulation performances, including absorption and phase, are simulated by the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the designed device exhibits resonance characteristic in the absorption spectrum with the perfect absorption efficiency of 99.5%. The \(\lambda _{EO}\) for the peaks ( \(\textit{P}_{1}\) and \(\textit{P}_{2}\) ) are 985 pm/V and 1390 pm/V, and \(\varphi _{EO}\) for the peaks ( \(\textit{P}_{1}\) and \(\textit{P}_{2}\) ) are 0.0117 rad/V and 0.0038 rad/V. The modulation depth (MD) and phase change of the SIPM using the thermal modulation can reach up to 96.2% and 318 °. The proposed metamaterial has perfect angular stability and polarization-insensitivity. It offers valuable insights for the development of VO \(_{2}\) -based THz modulators with improved performance, which can be used as beam steering, reconfigurable lenses, and holographic imaging. The hysteresis curves in absorption and reflectance phase could be useful in electrically rewritable memory devices.
