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<p>Hybrid metal–dielectric nanostructures are recognized as an ideal platform for enhancing and optimizing nonlinear optical effects due to their unique ability to generate multi-resonant responses. These structures can significantly enhance the efficiency of both linear and nonlinear optical phenomena by simultaneously utilizing the optical properties of dielectric and metal materials such as localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). Accordingly, by precisely designing the pair of gold (Au) hemi-cylinders in the structure, a comparison of the linear responses with the absence case of Au hemi-cylinders shows that the presence of Au plasmonic material dramatically affected the linear responses of the structure and has led to the creation of multi-resonant responses due to the concurrent excitation of LSPRs and surface plasmon polariton resonances (SPPRs). By adjusting the radius and length of the Au hemi-cylinders, it has been observed that the efficiency of the FWM phenomenon reaches its maximum value at the numerical ratios of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h = 3.5r\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h = 6r\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Finally, by calculating and analyzing the efficiency of various degenerate and non-degenerate states of the four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomenon, it was observed that the efficiency of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2\omega _{3}+\omega _{1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> state has increased notably compared to others. This enhancement is attributed to how the structure is designed and the appropriate choice of radiation wavelength to utilize the SPRs optimally. The numerical results obtained in this study can be widely used in the engineering and optimal design of nanophotonic devices such as sensors and optical integrated circuits.</p>

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Design of hybrid metal–dielectric nanostructures for enhancing the degenerate four-wave mixing phenomena

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Fatemeh Peymani,
  • Neamat A. Jafari,
  • Ali Bahari

摘要

Hybrid metal–dielectric nanostructures are recognized as an ideal platform for enhancing and optimizing nonlinear optical effects due to their unique ability to generate multi-resonant responses. These structures can significantly enhance the efficiency of both linear and nonlinear optical phenomena by simultaneously utilizing the optical properties of dielectric and metal materials such as localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). Accordingly, by precisely designing the pair of gold (Au) hemi-cylinders in the structure, a comparison of the linear responses with the absence case of Au hemi-cylinders shows that the presence of Au plasmonic material dramatically affected the linear responses of the structure and has led to the creation of multi-resonant responses due to the concurrent excitation of LSPRs and surface plasmon polariton resonances (SPPRs). By adjusting the radius and length of the Au hemi-cylinders, it has been observed that the efficiency of the FWM phenomenon reaches its maximum value at the numerical ratios of \(h = 3.5r\) and \(h = 6r\) . Finally, by calculating and analyzing the efficiency of various degenerate and non-degenerate states of the four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomenon, it was observed that the efficiency of the \(2\omega _{3}+\omega _{1}\) state has increased notably compared to others. This enhancement is attributed to how the structure is designed and the appropriate choice of radiation wavelength to utilize the SPRs optimally. The numerical results obtained in this study can be widely used in the engineering and optimal design of nanophotonic devices such as sensors and optical integrated circuits.