<p>This study presents an integrated computational, data-driven investigation, and photovoltaic performance of La<sub>2</sub>NiMnO<sub>6</sub> (LNMO) for next-generation solar cell applications. Using SCAPS-1D and wxAMPS simulations combined with machine learning (ML) modeling, the device architecture FTO/WS<sub>2</sub>/LNMO/CuSCN/Au was optimized for high efficiency and stability. The SCAPS-1D simulations revealed excellent photovoltaic performance, yielding a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 32.92&#xa0;mA cm⁻² and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.87%, accompanied by an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8650&#xa0;V and a fill factor (FF) of 83.81%. Furthermore, Tb doping of the FTO layer significantly improved electrical conductivity and interfacial quality, leading to an enhanced device efficiency of 24.34%. This improvement was reflected in increased photovoltaic parameters, with Jsc, Voc, and FF reaching 33.52&#xa0;mA cm⁻², 0.8657&#xa0;V, and 83.89%, respectively. Parametric analysis demonstrated that optimal absorber thickness (600–800&#xa0;nm), low defect density (10<sup>14</sup>-10<sup>15</sup>&#xa0;cm⁻³), and reduced series resistance significantly improve carrier generation, reduce recombination, and maximize performance. Temperature and illumination studies confirmed high thermal stability with moderate efficiency losses at elevated conditions. Cross-validation with wxAMPS simulations and comparison with reported LNMO-based architectures confirmed the reliability of the proposed model. Machine learning algorithms yielded high predictive accuracy, with XGBoost achieving R² &gt; 0.9998 and MSE &lt; 0.005 for PCE prediction. This multidisciplinary approach demonstrates that LNMO, when combined with rare-earth doping and optimized interfacial engineering, is a strong candidate for high-efficiency, environmentally benign, and thermally stable lead-free perovskite solar cells.</p>

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Multiscale computational and machine learning insights into rare-earth-doped front electrode and La2NiMnO6 double perovskite material for photovoltaic applications and proposed fabrication pathways

  • Mohsin Khan,
  • Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Khubaib,
  • Musayyab Raza Khan,
  • Kashif Raza,
  • Mahrukh Shafeeq,
  • Muhammad Azhar,
  • Saira Riaz,
  • Shahzad Naseem

摘要

This study presents an integrated computational, data-driven investigation, and photovoltaic performance of La2NiMnO6 (LNMO) for next-generation solar cell applications. Using SCAPS-1D and wxAMPS simulations combined with machine learning (ML) modeling, the device architecture FTO/WS2/LNMO/CuSCN/Au was optimized for high efficiency and stability. The SCAPS-1D simulations revealed excellent photovoltaic performance, yielding a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 32.92 mA cm⁻² and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.87%, accompanied by an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8650 V and a fill factor (FF) of 83.81%. Furthermore, Tb doping of the FTO layer significantly improved electrical conductivity and interfacial quality, leading to an enhanced device efficiency of 24.34%. This improvement was reflected in increased photovoltaic parameters, with Jsc, Voc, and FF reaching 33.52 mA cm⁻², 0.8657 V, and 83.89%, respectively. Parametric analysis demonstrated that optimal absorber thickness (600–800 nm), low defect density (1014-1015 cm⁻³), and reduced series resistance significantly improve carrier generation, reduce recombination, and maximize performance. Temperature and illumination studies confirmed high thermal stability with moderate efficiency losses at elevated conditions. Cross-validation with wxAMPS simulations and comparison with reported LNMO-based architectures confirmed the reliability of the proposed model. Machine learning algorithms yielded high predictive accuracy, with XGBoost achieving R² > 0.9998 and MSE < 0.005 for PCE prediction. This multidisciplinary approach demonstrates that LNMO, when combined with rare-earth doping and optimized interfacial engineering, is a strong candidate for high-efficiency, environmentally benign, and thermally stable lead-free perovskite solar cells.