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<p>This paper presents a high-capacity, compact chipless graphene tag for terahertz identification (THID) within the 2–7 THz range, using polarization-orthogonal encoding. The tag features graphene strip resonators embedded on a low-loss TOPAS substrate, with a gold ground plane. Independent responses to transverse electric/ transverse magnetic (TE/TM) fields are achieved by tuning the graphene’s impedance through chemical potential gating, <i>µ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>. A single-bit tag with logic (0)/(1) using <i>µ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 0/0.8&#xa0;eV reaches a peak absorption of 5/99.9% at 3.29 THz with ultranarrow linewidths for TM-polarized waves and zero TE crosstalk, maintaining over 84% efficiency under oblique incidence up to 75°. Seven-bit linearly polarized (LP) tag configurations are designed by cascading graphene strips (lengths 2.4–7.5&#xa0;μm, 0.52 THz spacing). LP tags cascaded in series with different chemical potentials are designed for 7-bit, 14-bit, and 21-bit encoding. Dual-polarized orthogonal encoding doubles the spectral capacity by providing independent TE/TM responses in both single- and multi-layer configurations, supporting 7-bit and 14-bit per polarization. Single-layer orthogonal tag designs enable 11–14 bits with distinct TE/TM peaks (77% – 100% absorption) through gating tuning. Finally, symmetrical multi-layer designs (1.5&#xa0;μm dielectric separation, <i>µ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 0, 0.8, and 0.9&#xa0;eV) achieve 14/28-bit dual-polarized capacity (7/14 bits per polarization) across the frequency range of 2.72–4.14 THz, with 80% – 100% absorption efficiency for structures with two to four layers.</p>

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Dual-polarized single/multi-layer graphene tags for THz chipless identification with near-perfect absorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Amer Zakaria,
  • Hend A. Malhat,
  • Nasser Qaddoumi

摘要

This paper presents a high-capacity, compact chipless graphene tag for terahertz identification (THID) within the 2–7 THz range, using polarization-orthogonal encoding. The tag features graphene strip resonators embedded on a low-loss TOPAS substrate, with a gold ground plane. Independent responses to transverse electric/ transverse magnetic (TE/TM) fields are achieved by tuning the graphene’s impedance through chemical potential gating, µc. A single-bit tag with logic (0)/(1) using µc = 0/0.8 eV reaches a peak absorption of 5/99.9% at 3.29 THz with ultranarrow linewidths for TM-polarized waves and zero TE crosstalk, maintaining over 84% efficiency under oblique incidence up to 75°. Seven-bit linearly polarized (LP) tag configurations are designed by cascading graphene strips (lengths 2.4–7.5 μm, 0.52 THz spacing). LP tags cascaded in series with different chemical potentials are designed for 7-bit, 14-bit, and 21-bit encoding. Dual-polarized orthogonal encoding doubles the spectral capacity by providing independent TE/TM responses in both single- and multi-layer configurations, supporting 7-bit and 14-bit per polarization. Single-layer orthogonal tag designs enable 11–14 bits with distinct TE/TM peaks (77% – 100% absorption) through gating tuning. Finally, symmetrical multi-layer designs (1.5 μm dielectric separation, µc = 0, 0.8, and 0.9 eV) achieve 14/28-bit dual-polarized capacity (7/14 bits per polarization) across the frequency range of 2.72–4.14 THz, with 80% – 100% absorption efficiency for structures with two to four layers.