Nickel-polyimide absorber as a dual-mode solar harvester and thermal emitter with high solar-to-electrical conversion
摘要
Harnessing the full solar spectrum demands absorbers that remain efficient across vast bandwidths while tolerating polarization and angle variations under realistic conditions. We report a nickel-polyimide-nickel metal-dielectric-metal metasurface engineered to trap and dissipate light through multiple coupled resonances delivering an ultra-wideband optical response within a fabrication-compatible geometry. The device sustains absorption above 90% from 152.66 to 2331.17 THz (129–1965 nm) with an average of 96.88% and remains above 80% from 107.41 THz to over 3000 THz. Under AM 1.5 illumination, it achieves a solar absorption efficiency of 96.61%. Thermal emission follows quasi-blackbody behavior, increasing from 75% at 500 K to 95.01% at 3500 K. Evaluated under concentrated solar input, the design shows strong solar-to-electrical conversion exceeding 67% at 1000 K. The design is polarization-insensitive and angularly stable, maintaining > 80% absorption up to 60° incidence. By uniting ultra-broadband absorption, near-blackbody emission and high conversion efficiency in a single, manufacturable platform, this work outlines a practical route to next-generation solar-thermal and thermophotovoltaic energy harvesting.