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<p>Modern quantum communication systems depend heavily on large-scale array antennas, which are essential for the effective transmission and reception of quantum signals. This study offers a new array antenna design that operates in the 24–40&#xa0;GHz frequency range and is specifically designed for multiband quantum-enabled 5G applications. With 192 components, the structure combines a fractal antenna geometry with a hybrid feeding mechanism. 1.6&#xa0;mm in height and 50&#xa0;mm × 50&#xa0;mm in size, the antenna is built on a Rogers substrate. At resonant frequencies of 26.22, 30.57, 34.38, and 39.95&#xa0;GHz, it exhibits enhanced gain values of 12.75, 12.39, 11.59, and 9.98 dBi, respectively, and supports multiband beamforming. Its primary advantages lie in the efficient design methodology, compact geometry, high gain, and wide bandwidth performance across multiple NR bands. The hybrid feeding mechanism and fractal configuration enable enhanced beam control and multiband functionality without increasing structural complexity.</p><p>In particular directions, the designed antenna arrays show radiated power with directivities of 11.4, 10.3, 8.87, and 9.57&#xa0;dB. The antennas exhibit improved radiation characteristics at resonance frequencies in the 24–40&#xa0;GHz range for angular orientations of Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, and θ = 90°, respectively. They are compatible with 5G NR frequency bands and facilitate terrestrial V2X communication. Moreover, at resonance frequencies of 26.22, 30.57, 34.38, and 39.95&#xa0;GHz, the bandwidths attained for pertinent 5G NR applications are 1.3, 1.97, 2.34, and 3.32&#xa0;GHz, with corresponding peak return losses of 30.36, 22.06, 35.66, and 25.99&#xa0;dB. CST Studio was used to model and validate the antenna arrays, and an RF absorber setup, power sensor, spectrum analyzer, and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) were used for experimental validation.</p>

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Design and implementation of hybrid feed combined array antenna for 5G mm wave point-to-point and terrestrial V2X communication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Arun Raj,
  • Durbadal Mandal

摘要

Modern quantum communication systems depend heavily on large-scale array antennas, which are essential for the effective transmission and reception of quantum signals. This study offers a new array antenna design that operates in the 24–40 GHz frequency range and is specifically designed for multiband quantum-enabled 5G applications. With 192 components, the structure combines a fractal antenna geometry with a hybrid feeding mechanism. 1.6 mm in height and 50 mm × 50 mm in size, the antenna is built on a Rogers substrate. At resonant frequencies of 26.22, 30.57, 34.38, and 39.95 GHz, it exhibits enhanced gain values of 12.75, 12.39, 11.59, and 9.98 dBi, respectively, and supports multiband beamforming. Its primary advantages lie in the efficient design methodology, compact geometry, high gain, and wide bandwidth performance across multiple NR bands. The hybrid feeding mechanism and fractal configuration enable enhanced beam control and multiband functionality without increasing structural complexity.

In particular directions, the designed antenna arrays show radiated power with directivities of 11.4, 10.3, 8.87, and 9.57 dB. The antennas exhibit improved radiation characteristics at resonance frequencies in the 24–40 GHz range for angular orientations of Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, and θ = 90°, respectively. They are compatible with 5G NR frequency bands and facilitate terrestrial V2X communication. Moreover, at resonance frequencies of 26.22, 30.57, 34.38, and 39.95 GHz, the bandwidths attained for pertinent 5G NR applications are 1.3, 1.97, 2.34, and 3.32 GHz, with corresponding peak return losses of 30.36, 22.06, 35.66, and 25.99 dB. CST Studio was used to model and validate the antenna arrays, and an RF absorber setup, power sensor, spectrum analyzer, and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) were used for experimental validation.