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<p>In this study, calcium antimony fluoroborate (CAFB) glass matrices were designed with single doping of Tb<sup>3+</sup> (CAFBTb), Sm<sup>3+</sup> (CAFBSm), and co-doping of Tb<sup>3+</sup>/Sm<sup>3+</sup> (CAFBTbSm) ions using the procedure of melt quenching. The structural characteristics of the titled glasses were examined with the help of diffraction profiles. Under appropriate n-UV excitation wavelengths, all the prepared CAFBTb glasses demonstrate an intense green (542&#xa0;nm) emission related to the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>4</sub> → <sup>7</sup>F<sub>5</sub> transition, in which the intensity of the emission peak consistently rises with the Tb<sup>3+</sup> ion content till 2.5&#xa0;mol%. In CAFBSm glasses, a prominent orangish-red emission peak has been observed around 598&#xa0;nm (<sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub> → <sup>6</sup>H<sub>7/2</sub> transition) at 402&#xa0;nm excitation. Furthermore, a gradual decrease in the emission intensities of Tb<sup>3+</sup> bands and an increase in the emission intensities of Sm<sup>3+</sup> were observed simultaneously in the CAFBTbSm glasses with increasing activator concentration. This behaviour suggests the occurrence of an energy transfer (ET) process from donor (Tb<sup>3+</sup>) to acceptor (Sm<sup>3+</sup>) ions. This mechanism of transferring energy from Tb<sup>3+</sup> to Sm<sup>3+</sup> was proved to be an interaction of dipole-dipole (d-d) via employing Dexter and Reisfeld’s theoretical model. The colour tunability of the CAFBTbSm glasses could be adjusted from the green to the white domain via greenish yellow under 378&#xa0;nm excitation and by varying the amount of the activator ion concentrations. Under n-UV excitation, the PL lifetime analysis indicates a bi-exponential decay behaviour in the co-doped glasses. Additionally, the emission intensity of the prepared CAFBTbSm glasses was maintained at 88.22% of the initial emission intensity at 25&#xa0;°C when measured at 100&#xa0;°C, signifying that these glasses possess exceptional thermal stability and relatively higher activation energy. All the aforementioned findings authorised the feasibility of the titled CAFBTbSm glasses for potential usage in the realm of optoelectronic device applications, especially for white light emitting diode (w-LED) applications.</p>

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Colour tunable luminescence and energy transfer in thermally stable calcium antimony fluoroborate glasses with Tb3+/Sm3+ for optoelectronic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Vertika Siwach,
  • M. Jayasimhadri

摘要

In this study, calcium antimony fluoroborate (CAFB) glass matrices were designed with single doping of Tb3+ (CAFBTb), Sm3+ (CAFBSm), and co-doping of Tb3+/Sm3+ (CAFBTbSm) ions using the procedure of melt quenching. The structural characteristics of the titled glasses were examined with the help of diffraction profiles. Under appropriate n-UV excitation wavelengths, all the prepared CAFBTb glasses demonstrate an intense green (542 nm) emission related to the 5D4 → 7F5 transition, in which the intensity of the emission peak consistently rises with the Tb3+ ion content till 2.5 mol%. In CAFBSm glasses, a prominent orangish-red emission peak has been observed around 598 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition) at 402 nm excitation. Furthermore, a gradual decrease in the emission intensities of Tb3+ bands and an increase in the emission intensities of Sm3+ were observed simultaneously in the CAFBTbSm glasses with increasing activator concentration. This behaviour suggests the occurrence of an energy transfer (ET) process from donor (Tb3+) to acceptor (Sm3+) ions. This mechanism of transferring energy from Tb3+ to Sm3+ was proved to be an interaction of dipole-dipole (d-d) via employing Dexter and Reisfeld’s theoretical model. The colour tunability of the CAFBTbSm glasses could be adjusted from the green to the white domain via greenish yellow under 378 nm excitation and by varying the amount of the activator ion concentrations. Under n-UV excitation, the PL lifetime analysis indicates a bi-exponential decay behaviour in the co-doped glasses. Additionally, the emission intensity of the prepared CAFBTbSm glasses was maintained at 88.22% of the initial emission intensity at 25 °C when measured at 100 °C, signifying that these glasses possess exceptional thermal stability and relatively higher activation energy. All the aforementioned findings authorised the feasibility of the titled CAFBTbSm glasses for potential usage in the realm of optoelectronic device applications, especially for white light emitting diode (w-LED) applications.