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<p>A smart two-parameter sensor by amalgamation of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a tunable loop feedback is proposed. A D-shaped coupler with a variable splitting ratio is first theoretically modelled based on a finite-difference field convergence technique and later utilized in the sensing segment as a power divider. A detailed analysis of the dependency of transmission characteristics of the coupler on the core separation, residual cladding width, tilt angle, and surrounding refractive index has been carried out. A tunable fiber-optic ring resonator, formed by adjoining the input and output of a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:2\times\:2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> D-shaped coupler is studied next. Finally, an all-fiber strain and refractive index measurement unit, by devising a D-shaped coupler in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a feedback loop, is investigated. A maximum strain sensitivity of 1.6&#xa0;MHz/µε for a range of 0-240 µε and a refractive index sensitivity of 7.95&#xa0;GHz/RIU is achieved. The design and the results are new and may be suitable for Biochemical sensing and structural health monitoring.</p>

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A dual-parameter sensor based on tunable ring-feedback Mach-Zehnder interferometer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Sudip K. Chatterjee

摘要

A smart two-parameter sensor by amalgamation of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a tunable loop feedback is proposed. A D-shaped coupler with a variable splitting ratio is first theoretically modelled based on a finite-difference field convergence technique and later utilized in the sensing segment as a power divider. A detailed analysis of the dependency of transmission characteristics of the coupler on the core separation, residual cladding width, tilt angle, and surrounding refractive index has been carried out. A tunable fiber-optic ring resonator, formed by adjoining the input and output of a \(\:2\times\:2\) D-shaped coupler is studied next. Finally, an all-fiber strain and refractive index measurement unit, by devising a D-shaped coupler in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a feedback loop, is investigated. A maximum strain sensitivity of 1.6 MHz/µε for a range of 0-240 µε and a refractive index sensitivity of 7.95 GHz/RIU is achieved. The design and the results are new and may be suitable for Biochemical sensing and structural health monitoring.