<p>This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with circular and hexagonal cladding geometries, aiming to optimize key optical parameters for nonlinear photonics and environmental sensing applications. Full-vectorial simulations using FDTD (Lumerical), PWE (MPB), and FDE (MODE) are employed to analyze the influence of structural parameters–core diameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_c\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), pitch (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and air filling fraction–on zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), nonlinear coefficient (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), effective mode area (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{\text {eff}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and confinement loss. The results reveal that decreasing <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_c\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2.4\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1.4\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> enables ZDW tuning from 791 nm to 646 nm, alongside a 72% increase in <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, from 72 W<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>km<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to 124 W<InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>km<InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The impact of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) infiltration is also examined, demonstrating a significant red-shift in ZDW and reduced index contrast that deteriorates confinement and dispersion slope. These findings establish a robust design framework for PCFs that combines high nonlinear efficiency with resilience against contamination, offering valuable guidance for supercontinuum generation and chemical sensing applications.</p>

Geometric optimization and IPA-induced dispersion tuning in solid-core photonic crystal fibers

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发表日期：

2025年10月31日

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Zekeriya Mehmet Yuksel,
Hasan Oguz,
Ozgur Onder Karakilinc,
Halil Berberoglu,
Mirbek Turduev,
Muzaffer Adak,
Sevgi Ozdemir Kart

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with circular and hexagonal cladding geometries, aiming to optimize key optical parameters for nonlinear photonics and environmental sensing applications. Full-vectorial simulations using FDTD (Lumerical), PWE (MPB), and FDE (MODE) are employed to analyze the influence of structural parameters–core diameter ( \(d_c\) ), pitch ( \(\Lambda \) ), and air filling fraction–on zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), nonlinear coefficient ( \(\gamma \) ), effective mode area ( \(A_{\text {eff}}\) ), and confinement loss. The results reveal that decreasing \(d_c\) from \(2.4\,\upmu \hbox {m}\) to \(1.4\,\upmu \hbox {m}\) enables ZDW tuning from 791 nm to 646 nm, alongside a 72% increase in \(\gamma \) , from 72 W \(^{-1}\) km \(^{-1}\) to 124 W \(^{-1}\) km \(^{-1}\) . The impact of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) infiltration is also examined, demonstrating a significant red-shift in ZDW and reduced index contrast that deteriorates confinement and dispersion slope. These findings establish a robust design framework for PCFs that combines high nonlinear efficiency with resilience against contamination, offering valuable guidance for supercontinuum generation and chemical sensing applications.