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<p>In this study, a plasmonic waveguide structure based on a cavity design is developed and analyzed as a mid-infrared refractive index sensor. The designed structure has two circular cavities, each containing a disk at its center. This configuration exhibits dual-band optical responses, showing distinct performances across two separate frequency bands with high sensitivity. A slow wave-based spoof (grating) structure is implemented along the edges of the disks, effectively increasing the operational wavelength and, as a result, reducing the overall size of the structure as a miniaturization technique. Analytical results indicate that the combination of the disks and gratings achieves around a 60% miniaturization of electrical length in comparison with an empty cavity design based on the wavelength shift. Furthermore, the proposed structure is utilized as a refractive index sensor for the analysis of liquids with a refractive index in the range of 1 to 1.5. Simulation results reveal that the sensor achieves the maximum sensitivity of 1461(nm/RIU) and 4421(nm/RIU) for the first (λ<sub>1</sub>), and second (λ<sub>2</sub>) wavelength, respectively and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 106 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and 4650 RIU<sup>−1</sup> for these wavelengths are obtained. Simulations demonstrate high sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM), making the design suitable for compact, high-resolution refractive index sensing in the mid-infrared regime.</p>

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Optical waveguide as a dual band high sensitivity biosensor based on grating cavity structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Sepideh Ebrahimi,
  • Fatemeh Kazemi,
  • Mohammad Reza Rakhshani

摘要

In this study, a plasmonic waveguide structure based on a cavity design is developed and analyzed as a mid-infrared refractive index sensor. The designed structure has two circular cavities, each containing a disk at its center. This configuration exhibits dual-band optical responses, showing distinct performances across two separate frequency bands with high sensitivity. A slow wave-based spoof (grating) structure is implemented along the edges of the disks, effectively increasing the operational wavelength and, as a result, reducing the overall size of the structure as a miniaturization technique. Analytical results indicate that the combination of the disks and gratings achieves around a 60% miniaturization of electrical length in comparison with an empty cavity design based on the wavelength shift. Furthermore, the proposed structure is utilized as a refractive index sensor for the analysis of liquids with a refractive index in the range of 1 to 1.5. Simulation results reveal that the sensor achieves the maximum sensitivity of 1461(nm/RIU) and 4421(nm/RIU) for the first (λ1), and second (λ2) wavelength, respectively and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 106 RIU−1 and 4650 RIU−1 for these wavelengths are obtained. Simulations demonstrate high sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM), making the design suitable for compact, high-resolution refractive index sensing in the mid-infrared regime.