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<p>This article presents the design and investigation of a 2 × 2 antenna array with frequency reconfigurability and an RLC-circuit model for X-band applications. Initially, a single-element circular microstrip antenna is designed, followed by a 1 × 2 circular array, and then expanded to a frequency-reconfigured 2 × 2 array antenna. The proposed antenna was designed on the low-loss 0.76&#xa0;mm thick Rogers RO4350B of size 1.02λ<sub>0</sub> × 1.47λ<sub>0</sub> at a frequency of 10&#xa0;GHz. The conventional circular patch antenna is incompatible with X-band applications because of the S<sub>11</sub> value above − 10 dB. A simple 3-port power divider is utilized to feed the power into four circular patches to maintain the maximum power transfer from the cooperative feed. This leads to excellent impedance matching (50.64Ω) with the lowest reflection coefficient of − 22.01 dB and enhanced gain of 9.32 dB at 10&#xa0;GHz. The array operation is controlled using 4-PIN diodes (BAR64-02&#xa0;V). The switching combination of 4-RF diodes makes the array operate at other frequencies in the X-band. The main 9-out-of-16 switching modes were measured and found acceptable with simulated reflection coefficients. The radiation characteristics of the array are highly directional in the E-plane. The RLC-equivalent circuits of the 3-main switching modes have been modeled and validated using the ADS software.</p>

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Low-loss high gain corporate-feed 2 × 2 circular microstrip frequency reconfigurable array for X-band applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Atul Varshney

摘要

This article presents the design and investigation of a 2 × 2 antenna array with frequency reconfigurability and an RLC-circuit model for X-band applications. Initially, a single-element circular microstrip antenna is designed, followed by a 1 × 2 circular array, and then expanded to a frequency-reconfigured 2 × 2 array antenna. The proposed antenna was designed on the low-loss 0.76 mm thick Rogers RO4350B of size 1.02λ0 × 1.47λ0 at a frequency of 10 GHz. The conventional circular patch antenna is incompatible with X-band applications because of the S11 value above − 10 dB. A simple 3-port power divider is utilized to feed the power into four circular patches to maintain the maximum power transfer from the cooperative feed. This leads to excellent impedance matching (50.64Ω) with the lowest reflection coefficient of − 22.01 dB and enhanced gain of 9.32 dB at 10 GHz. The array operation is controlled using 4-PIN diodes (BAR64-02 V). The switching combination of 4-RF diodes makes the array operate at other frequencies in the X-band. The main 9-out-of-16 switching modes were measured and found acceptable with simulated reflection coefficients. The radiation characteristics of the array are highly directional in the E-plane. The RLC-equivalent circuits of the 3-main switching modes have been modeled and validated using the ADS software.