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<p>In this work, we numerically implemented and simulated a microstrip antenna with <i>SiO</i><sub><i>2</i></sub> substrate sandwiched by copper (<i>Cu</i>) ground plane and phagraphene (<i>PHA</i>) patch to operate within <i>T</i>era<i>H</i>ert<i>z</i> range (1 <i>THz</i> to 5 <i>THz</i>). New is <i>PHA</i>, a potentially synthesizable low-energy planar graphene <i>(GRA)</i> allotrope, as a patch resonator to maximize antenna performance. The proposal is to investigate the electronic, geometric and optical properties of <i>GRA</i> and <i>PHA</i> by density functional theory (<i>DFT</i>) and Kubo-Greenwood (<i>K-G</i>) formalism, as well as the main microstrip patch antenna (<i>MPA</i>) parameters related to dimensions (<i>μm</i>) and design by antenna´s theory. The results for <i>PHA MPA</i> compared to <i>GRA MPA</i> and <i>Cu MPA</i> are excellent and more satisfactory for simulated resonance frequency <i>(f</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = <i>3.27 THz)</i>, bandwidth <i>(BW</i> = <i>0.14 THz)</i> and volume of 48 × 40 × 3&#xa0;<i>μm</i><sup><i>3</i></sup>. Thus, we find reflection coefficient <i>(S</i><sub><i>11</i></sub> = − <i>33.21&#xa0;dB)</i>, input impedance <i>(R</i><sub><i>in</i></sub> = <i>51.39 Ω</i> and <i>X</i><sub><i>in</i></sub> = − <i>2.38 Ω)</i>, voltage standing wave ratio <i>(VSWR</i> = <i>1.05)</i>, gain <i>(G</i> = <i>5.94&#xa0;dB)</i>, efficiency (<i>e</i><sub><i>o</i></sub> = 81.2%), and current density = <i>4.5</i> × <i>10</i><sup><i>8</i></sup><i> A/m</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> for <i>PHA MPA</i>. Therefore, the main aim was to make a comparative between them and ensure that <i>PHA</i> is more stable in a <i>THz BW</i> for application in wireless communications system.</p>

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Numerical implementation of phagraphene as patch resonator for a microstrip antenna

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月9日

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  • Darlan Holanda Cardoso,
  • Igor Ramon Sinimbú Miranda,
  • Elder Augusto Viana Mota,
  • Jonas Marinho Duarte,
  • Shirsley Joany dos Santos da Silva,
  • Carlos Alberto Brito da Silva Jr.,
  • Jordan Del Nero

摘要

In this work, we numerically implemented and simulated a microstrip antenna with SiO2 substrate sandwiched by copper (Cu) ground plane and phagraphene (PHA) patch to operate within TeraHertz range (1 THz to 5 THz). New is PHA, a potentially synthesizable low-energy planar graphene (GRA) allotrope, as a patch resonator to maximize antenna performance. The proposal is to investigate the electronic, geometric and optical properties of GRA and PHA by density functional theory (DFT) and Kubo-Greenwood (K-G) formalism, as well as the main microstrip patch antenna (MPA) parameters related to dimensions (μm) and design by antenna´s theory. The results for PHA MPA compared to GRA MPA and Cu MPA are excellent and more satisfactory for simulated resonance frequency (fr = 3.27 THz), bandwidth (BW = 0.14 THz) and volume of 48 × 40 × 3 μm3. Thus, we find reflection coefficient (S11 = − 33.21 dB), input impedance (Rin = 51.39 Ω and Xin = − 2.38 Ω), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR = 1.05), gain (G = 5.94 dB), efficiency (eo = 81.2%), and current density = 4.5 × 108 A/m2 for PHA MPA. Therefore, the main aim was to make a comparative between them and ensure that PHA is more stable in a THz BW for application in wireless communications system.