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<p>This paper proposes a novel sensor based on a cascaded tilted long-period fiber grating and fiber Bragg grating (TLPFG-FBG). The sensor utilizes TLPFG to couple the core mode with high-order cladding modes, combined with FBG, resulting in three distinct transmission peaks in the transmission spectrum. The three transmission peaks exhibit different responses to liquid level, refractive index (RI), and temperature, enabling simultaneous measurement of these parameters. Based on coupling theory, the grating period, tilt angle, and length of the sensor were optimized. The results show that the sensor achieves maximum sensitivities of − 664&#xa0;pm/mm for liquid level, 47.5&#xa0;pm/°C for temperature, and −&#xa0;136&#xa0;pm/RIU for RI, all with linearities exceeding 0.99. The liquid level detection range is 20&#xa0;mm, demonstrating excellent wavelength modulation characteristics. Furthermore, by applying an inversion matrix for liquid level, RI, and temperature measurements, cross-sensitivity can be eliminated, enabling simultaneous monitoring of all three parameters. The sensor structure offers high sensitivity, multi-parameter measurement capability, and excellent linearity, making it highly promising for liquid level sensing applications in complex environments.</p>

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Design of three-parameter sensor of liquid level–refractive index–temperature (LRT) based on cascade TLPFG and FBG

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Jie Du,
  • Zhengtian Gu,
  • Wenjie Nie,
  • Yanhong Li

摘要

This paper proposes a novel sensor based on a cascaded tilted long-period fiber grating and fiber Bragg grating (TLPFG-FBG). The sensor utilizes TLPFG to couple the core mode with high-order cladding modes, combined with FBG, resulting in three distinct transmission peaks in the transmission spectrum. The three transmission peaks exhibit different responses to liquid level, refractive index (RI), and temperature, enabling simultaneous measurement of these parameters. Based on coupling theory, the grating period, tilt angle, and length of the sensor were optimized. The results show that the sensor achieves maximum sensitivities of − 664 pm/mm for liquid level, 47.5 pm/°C for temperature, and − 136 pm/RIU for RI, all with linearities exceeding 0.99. The liquid level detection range is 20 mm, demonstrating excellent wavelength modulation characteristics. Furthermore, by applying an inversion matrix for liquid level, RI, and temperature measurements, cross-sensitivity can be eliminated, enabling simultaneous monitoring of all three parameters. The sensor structure offers high sensitivity, multi-parameter measurement capability, and excellent linearity, making it highly promising for liquid level sensing applications in complex environments.