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<p>The development of sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems requires ultra-high data rates, sub-millisecond latency, and support for immersive applications such as real-time holography and extended reality. Meeting these demands is driving a shift toward the terahertz (THz) frequency spectrum. However, conventional THz antennas face significant challenges, including high ohmic losses, limited tunability, and poor polarization control, which restrict their scalability for 6G platforms. Graphene-based THz antennas offer a promising alternative but are often constrained by high operating voltages, lack of circular polarization, or reduced radiation efficiency. This study introduces a frequency-reconfigurable plasmonic antenna based on electrostatically gated graphene, delivering broad tunability, low-voltage operation, and stable circular polarization. The antenna’s electro-magnetic response is modeled using the Kubo formalism, and its performance is optimized through parametric simulations varying chemical potential and gate die-electric configurations. The proposed design supports a tunable frequency range from 3.03 to 3.28 THz, achieves a peak gain of 3.9 dB, and sustains radiation efficiency up to 70% under gate voltages below 137 mV. These results highlight a compact, CMOS-compatible antenna suitable for low-loss, energy efficient, and polarization-stable front-end modules in future 6G THz communication systems.</p>

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A low-voltage, frequency-reconfigurable Graphene-based plasmonic antenna with circular polarization for 6G terahertz applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Marwen Boughdiri,
  • Seifallah Boughdiri,
  • Sayed Missaoui

摘要

The development of sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems requires ultra-high data rates, sub-millisecond latency, and support for immersive applications such as real-time holography and extended reality. Meeting these demands is driving a shift toward the terahertz (THz) frequency spectrum. However, conventional THz antennas face significant challenges, including high ohmic losses, limited tunability, and poor polarization control, which restrict their scalability for 6G platforms. Graphene-based THz antennas offer a promising alternative but are often constrained by high operating voltages, lack of circular polarization, or reduced radiation efficiency. This study introduces a frequency-reconfigurable plasmonic antenna based on electrostatically gated graphene, delivering broad tunability, low-voltage operation, and stable circular polarization. The antenna’s electro-magnetic response is modeled using the Kubo formalism, and its performance is optimized through parametric simulations varying chemical potential and gate die-electric configurations. The proposed design supports a tunable frequency range from 3.03 to 3.28 THz, achieves a peak gain of 3.9 dB, and sustains radiation efficiency up to 70% under gate voltages below 137 mV. These results highlight a compact, CMOS-compatible antenna suitable for low-loss, energy efficient, and polarization-stable front-end modules in future 6G THz communication systems.