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<p>Amplification in the O+E band is highly desirable to address the current bandwidth demands. However, the state-of-the-art semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and Bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers (BDFAs) used in these bands exhibit high noise figure (NF) and significant nonlinearity. To overcome these issues, this work introduces a hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) that combines a Praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier (PDFA) and a Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for O+E band amplification. The performance of the HOA is evaluated by optimizing the pumping schemes, amplifiers’ lengths, ion densities, doping radii and numerical apertures along with pump powers and input power to the HOA module. A signal gain of &gt; 18.06 dB and NF &lt; 4.5 dB have been achieved across the 1270–1470 nm wavelength range, with a peak gain of 50.3 dB observed at 1310 nm. Also, a signal gain of &gt; 30.39 dB in the wavelength ranges of 1280-1350 nm and 1420-1470 nm, respectively has been observed. Utilizing the optimized set of parameters in the O-band, a gain deterioration of 1.82% has been calculated at the wavelength of 1310 nm. Apparently, in the E-band, the gain increases to 0.29% at the wavelength of 1390 nm and 0.06% at the wavelength of 1460 nm with the inclusion of ion-ion interaction mechanism (IM) effect. The efficacy of the HOA as a pre-amplifier is also assessed by examining the Q-Factor in a coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) system, considering different data rates and fiber lengths. An error-free transmission with Q-Factor &gt; 6.29 has been recorded up to a fiber length of 90&#xa0;km at 7.5 Gbps.</p>

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Evaluation of optimized praseodymium-thulium doped O+E band hybrid fiber amplifier in a CWDM optical communication link

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月15日

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  • Krishna Sarma,
  • Mohd Mansoor Khan

摘要

Amplification in the O+E band is highly desirable to address the current bandwidth demands. However, the state-of-the-art semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and Bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers (BDFAs) used in these bands exhibit high noise figure (NF) and significant nonlinearity. To overcome these issues, this work introduces a hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) that combines a Praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier (PDFA) and a Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for O+E band amplification. The performance of the HOA is evaluated by optimizing the pumping schemes, amplifiers’ lengths, ion densities, doping radii and numerical apertures along with pump powers and input power to the HOA module. A signal gain of > 18.06 dB and NF < 4.5 dB have been achieved across the 1270–1470 nm wavelength range, with a peak gain of 50.3 dB observed at 1310 nm. Also, a signal gain of > 30.39 dB in the wavelength ranges of 1280-1350 nm and 1420-1470 nm, respectively has been observed. Utilizing the optimized set of parameters in the O-band, a gain deterioration of 1.82% has been calculated at the wavelength of 1310 nm. Apparently, in the E-band, the gain increases to 0.29% at the wavelength of 1390 nm and 0.06% at the wavelength of 1460 nm with the inclusion of ion-ion interaction mechanism (IM) effect. The efficacy of the HOA as a pre-amplifier is also assessed by examining the Q-Factor in a coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) system, considering different data rates and fiber lengths. An error-free transmission with Q-Factor > 6.29 has been recorded up to a fiber length of 90 km at 7.5 Gbps.