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<p>In this research, a 1:4 D-multiplexer made of 2-D photonic crystal configurations is presented. Functionality of the proposed structure is studied by utilizing 2D finite difference time domain method. Proposed system is used as a sensitive 4 port biosensor for diagnosis of various biological elements (cholesterol, glucose, creatinine and hemoglobin) in blood. Signal with wavelength of <i>1190</i>&#xa0;nm would be transmitted to output1 for detecting hemoglobin level in blood. Acceptable quality factor (Q): (<i>108–117.04</i>), sensitivity (<i>S</i>): <i>1964.3</i>&#xa0;nm<i>/RIU</i>, detection limit (<i>DL</i>): (<i>5.4e-4–5.7e-4</i>) <i>RIU</i> and figure of merit (<i>FOM</i>): (<i>178.2–181.5</i>) <i>RIU</i><sup><i>−1</i></sup> would be obtained. Light wave at <i>λ</i> = <i>1400</i>&#xa0;nm (output2) would be used for detection of glucose leading to (Q): (<i>93.3–97.46</i>), (<i>S</i>): <i>1573</i>&#xa0;nm<i>/RIU</i>, (<i>DL</i>): (<i>9.5e-4–10.35e-4</i>) <i>RIU</i> and (<i>FOM</i>): (<i>104.8–107.45</i>) <i>RIU</i><sup><i>−1</i></sup>. For creatinine diagnosis, light wave at <i>λ</i> = <i>1650</i>&#xa0;nm (output3) would be applied to the system. Biosensing factors of (Q): (<i>137.5–148.16</i>), (<i>S</i>): <i>1249.1</i>&#xa0;nm<i>/RIU</i>, (<i>DL</i>): (<i>9.54e-4–9.67e-4</i>) <i>RIU</i> and (<i>FOM</i>): (<i>104.9–106.52</i>) <i>RIU</i><sup><i>−1</i></sup> would be obtained. Last biological element is cholesterol which is detected at output4 by inserting signal with <i>λ</i> = <i>2170</i>&#xa0;nm. For cholesterol, (Q): (<i>72.3–84.8</i>), (<i>S</i>): <i>974.6</i>&#xa0;nm<i>/RIU</i>, (<i>DL</i>): (<i>3.07e-3–4.01e-3</i>) <i>RIU</i> and (<i>FOM</i>): (<i>45.8–57.9</i>) <i>RIU</i><sup><i>−1</i></sup> would be achieved. Referring to obtained results, physicians can effectively diagnose wide ranges of diseases (related to mentioned biological elements).</p>

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1:4 D-multiplexer based on photonic crystal configuration for detection of biological elements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Esmat Rafiee

摘要

In this research, a 1:4 D-multiplexer made of 2-D photonic crystal configurations is presented. Functionality of the proposed structure is studied by utilizing 2D finite difference time domain method. Proposed system is used as a sensitive 4 port biosensor for diagnosis of various biological elements (cholesterol, glucose, creatinine and hemoglobin) in blood. Signal with wavelength of 1190 nm would be transmitted to output1 for detecting hemoglobin level in blood. Acceptable quality factor (Q): (108–117.04), sensitivity (S): 1964.3 nm/RIU, detection limit (DL): (5.4e-4–5.7e-4) RIU and figure of merit (FOM): (178.2–181.5) RIU−1 would be obtained. Light wave at λ = 1400 nm (output2) would be used for detection of glucose leading to (Q): (93.3–97.46), (S): 1573 nm/RIU, (DL): (9.5e-4–10.35e-4) RIU and (FOM): (104.8–107.45) RIU−1. For creatinine diagnosis, light wave at λ = 1650 nm (output3) would be applied to the system. Biosensing factors of (Q): (137.5–148.16), (S): 1249.1 nm/RIU, (DL): (9.54e-4–9.67e-4) RIU and (FOM): (104.9–106.52) RIU−1 would be obtained. Last biological element is cholesterol which is detected at output4 by inserting signal with λ = 2170 nm. For cholesterol, (Q): (72.3–84.8), (S): 974.6 nm/RIU, (DL): (3.07e-3–4.01e-3) RIU and (FOM): (45.8–57.9) RIU−1 would be achieved. Referring to obtained results, physicians can effectively diagnose wide ranges of diseases (related to mentioned biological elements).