A polarization-maintaining oligoporous-core-based multi-mode fiber is proposed. By tuning the air hole, as well as the core number, shape, size, and position up to 28 distinct linearly polarized (LP) modes are obtained. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to perform the numerical investigations. In addition, various materials combinations are used as a doping with silica which is highly helpful to increase or decrease the refractive index of the core material. The multimode fiber is identified by the normalized frequency or V parameter. Besides, the high birefringence value, low loss value, minimum crosstalk with high sensitivity response of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11082_2025_8198_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1.46\times {10}^{-2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1.46</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11082_2025_8198_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$2\times {10}^{-11}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> dB/m, 41.80 dB and 88,280.46 nm/RIU, respectively, are achieved from the numerical investigations over the wavelength range from 1.55 µm to1.65 µm for the different LP modes. Moreover, good responses also obtain for the numerical aperture, V number, coupling length and other parameters. In the end, every value reveals both an easy-to-fabricate structure design as well as adequate performance analysis. The suggested fiber structure can support many modes and might be applicable in the field of optical communications and spatial multiplexing based on the user demand.

Design oligoporous-core based multimode fiber for mode division multiplexing applications

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发表日期：

2025年5月15日

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Sumaiya Akhtar Mitu,
Lway Faisal Abdulrazak,
Sobhy M. Ibrahim,
Shaymaa R. Tahhan,
Md Bellal Hossain,
Kawsar Ahmed,
Francis M. Bui,
Li Chen

摘要

A polarization-maintaining oligoporous-core-based multi-mode fiber is proposed. By tuning the air hole, as well as the core number, shape, size, and position up to 28 distinct linearly polarized (LP) modes are obtained. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to perform the numerical investigations. In addition, various materials combinations are used as a doping with silica which is highly helpful to increase or decrease the refractive index of the core material. The multimode fiber is identified by the normalized frequency or V parameter. Besides, the high birefringence value, low loss value, minimum crosstalk with high sensitivity response of $1.46\times {10}^{-2}$ $1.46 \times 10^{- 2}$ , $2\times {10}^{-11}$ $2 \times 10^{- 11}$ dB/m, 41.80 dB and 88,280.46 nm/RIU, respectively, are achieved from the numerical investigations over the wavelength range from 1.55 µm to1.65 µm for the different LP modes. Moreover, good responses also obtain for the numerical aperture, V number, coupling length and other parameters. In the end, every value reveals both an easy-to-fabricate structure design as well as adequate performance analysis. The suggested fiber structure can support many modes and might be applicable in the field of optical communications and spatial multiplexing based on the user demand.