<p>Skin cancer involves abnormal growth of skin cells, typically caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure. Timely and accurate detection is essential to mitigate significant health risks and ensure effective treatment. This paper proposes a nanoantenna to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for skin cancer detection. These antennas, emitting electromagnetic waves in the terahertz band (0.1–10 THz), improve integration for miniaturized wireless systems and serve as a foundation for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). We design a miniaturized, metamaterial-inspired gold-patch axe-shaped nanoantenna (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11082_2025_8062_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="127" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$121.97 \times 110 \times 17$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>121.97</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>110</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>17</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11082_2025_8062_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mu m^3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), implemented in CST Studio Software. The antenna resonates at 1.152 THz, with a very low return loss (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11082_2025_8062_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$<-55$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo><</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>55</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> dB), a gain of 2.42 dBi, and a bandwidth of 40 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used as a sensor, considering the S11 spectra as a key parameter to differentiate between normal and cancerous skin (i.e., basal cell carcinoma). The simulation demonstrates significant and quantifiable differences between normal and cancerous skin and also highlights the proposed antenna’s suitability for applications such as radar systems, satellite communications, and advanced measurement technologies.</p>

Metamaterial inspired axe-shaped terahertz patch antenna design: a tool for early skin cancer detection

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发表日期：

2025年1月29日

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Bhagwati Sharan,
Manjula Raja

摘要

Skin cancer involves abnormal growth of skin cells, typically caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure. Timely and accurate detection is essential to mitigate significant health risks and ensure effective treatment. This paper proposes a nanoantenna to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for skin cancer detection. These antennas, emitting electromagnetic waves in the terahertz band (0.1–10 THz), improve integration for miniaturized wireless systems and serve as a foundation for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). We design a miniaturized, metamaterial-inspired gold-patch axe-shaped nanoantenna ( $121.97 \times 110 \times 17$ $121.97 \times 110 \times 17$ $\mu m^3$ $μ m^{3}$ ), implemented in CST Studio Software. The antenna resonates at 1.152 THz, with a very low return loss ( $<-55$ $< - 55$ dB), a gain of 2.42 dBi, and a bandwidth of 40 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used as a sensor, considering the S11 spectra as a key parameter to differentiate between normal and cancerous skin (i.e., basal cell carcinoma). The simulation demonstrates significant and quantifiable differences between normal and cancerous skin and also highlights the proposed antenna’s suitability for applications such as radar systems, satellite communications, and advanced measurement technologies.