Propagation characteristic of laguerre-whittaker-gauss beams through a fractional fourier transform

In this research, we investigate the propagation characteristics of Laguerre-Whittaker-Gaussian beams (LWGBs) through a paraxial ABCD optical system. We get the analytical expression for LWGBs using the Huygens-Fresnel integral. We then use this formula to study the propagation properties of a fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) optical system. Numerous aspects influencing the evolution of LWGBs in FRFT are investigated in detail, and their characteristics are illustrated graphically with numerical examples. The findings show that the initial LWGBs parameters (m, l, and n), fractional order p, and focal length f all impact the intensity and phase distributions of LWGBs, which vary regularly throughout propagation. These results might find applications in optical micromanipulation, remote sensing, and free-space optical communications.