Study of optical, structural, physical, and radiative properties of samarium, and praseodymium-based phosphate glass for structural, photonic, and optoelectronic applications

The present Academic research confers the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of a phosphate glass system with the composition (46-x)P₂O₅-15 ZnO-15 PbO-15 K₂O-9CaF₂-x R₂O₃ (where, R = Sm, Pr, and x = 0, 0.5, 1 mol%), synthesized using the traditional melt annealing method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous nature of the samples, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy provided further insights into their structural properties, especially positive doping effects due to Sm³⁺, and Pr³⁺ infusion. Critical Optical properties, such as average of the refraction index \(\left({n }_{t}\right)\) $\left(n_t\right)$ , corresponding nonlinear refractive index \(\left({n}_{ 1}\right)\) $\left(n_1\right)$ , molar refraction \(\left({R}_{m}\right)\) $\left(R_m\right)$ , polarizability \(\left({\alpha }_{m}\right)\) $\left({\alpha }_m\right)$ , reflection loss \(\left({R}_{L}\right)\) $\left(R_L\right)$ , optical transmission \(\left(T\right)\) $\left(T\right)$ , metallization criterion \(\left({M}_{c}\right)\) $\left(M_c\right)$ , optical electronegativity \(\left({\Delta \chi }^{\boldsymbol{*}}\right)\) $\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\chi _{}^{\mathbf{\ast }}\right)$ , third order nonlinear optical susceptibility \(\left({\chi }^{(3)}\right)\) $\left({\chi }^{(3)}\right)$ and the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters \(\left({\Omega }_{2}, {\Omega }_{4},\text{ and }{\Omega }_{6}\right)\) $\left({\mathrm{\Omega }}_2,,,{\mathrm{\Omega }}_4,,,,\text{and},,{\mathrm{\Omega }}_6\right)$ of selected glass samples, were analysed using a Jasco V-770 spectrophotometer and absorption spectra. The UV-Visible, and fluorescence spectra observed in the samples connote promising results for applications in optoelectronic devices and laser technology, particularly as heat-absorbing window glasses.