Enhanced performance and improved stability of samarium-doped CsPbBrCl₂-based quantum dot PPVC with GO as charge transport layer

This study explores advancements in perovskite photovoltaic cells (PPVCs), focusing on quantum dot-based perovskite materials to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE). A new heterojunction design featuring CsPbBrCl₂ as the photosensitive layer, graphene oxide (GO) as the hole transport layer (HTL), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as the electron transport layer (ETL) was introduced. Simulations showed an initial PCE of 20.77% with optimized configurations, improving the efficiency to 25.30%. This study investigated various HTLs, including GO, Spiro-MeOTAD, rGO, CuI, and CuO, and examined the effects of resistance, doping density, and temperature on device performance. Several alternatives to gold as back contacts were also assessed. These findings offer insights into the optimization of PPVCs for future optoelectronic applications.