Enhancing perovskite solar cell efficiency through core–shell Ni@SiO₂@graphene nanoparticles

This paper presents a perovskite solar cell with a distinctive multilayered structure, which includes an FTO anti-reflective glass layer, a TiO₂ electron transport layer, a MAPbI3 perovskite absorber layer, a Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, and an aluminum electrode. The core innovation lies in the absorber layer, which is embedded with core–shell Ni@SiO₂@graphene nanoparticles with a 70 nm radius. This addition leads to a significant 81% increase in light absorption and a 77% rise in solar cell efficiency compared to traditional structures without nanoparticles. The study also explores the impact of nanoparticle arrangement and chemical potential adjustments, demonstrating the potential of nano-engineering to enhance solar cell performance through improved light trapping and absorption efficiency.