PVC reinforced with Pb_1/2Ni_1/2Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrites nanoparticles: development of linear/nonlinear optical, dielectric characteristics and γ-rays buildup-factors of for optical and radiation safety applications

Physical, linear/nonlinear optical, dielectric characteristics, and γ-ray-buildup factors of nanocomposites (NCs) sheets of PVC doped with x(Pb_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄) spinel nanoferrites: x = 0–10 wt% and named as PVC/PNF0-PVC/PNF10 have been tested. Density (ρ) changed from 1.405 g·cm⁻³ to 2.6130 g·cm⁻³ as x changed from 0.0 to 10 wt%. Optical-energy-gap (E^optical) diminished from 5.207 to 2.753 eV, whereas the linear index of refraction of (n^linear) increased from 1.962 to 2.405 for PVC/PNF0 and PVC/PNF10 NCs sheets. The nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ³) and nonlinear refractive index ( \(n_{2}^{optical}\) $n_2^{\mathit{optical}}$ ) of the investigated PVC/PNF-NCs sheets increased as (Pb_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄) content increased. Dielectric spectroscopy of fabricated PVC/PNF-NCs is investigated throughout frequencies from 50 Hz to 5 × 10⁶ Hz at RT. The dielectric-constant was reduced by introduction of Pb_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄. Mass absorption coefficient (MAC) values of PVC/PNF-NCs sheets obeyed the fact that (PVC/PNF0)_MAC < (PVC/PNF1)_MAC < (PVC/PNF3)_MAC < (PVC/PNF5)_MAC < (PVC/PNF10)_MAC. The γ-ray exposure, and absorption-buildup factors of the investigated PVC/PNF-NCs sheets followed as (PVC/PNF0)_EBF/EABF > (PVC/PNF1)_EBF/EABF > (PVC/PNF3)_EBF/EABF > (PVC/PNF5)_EBF/EABF > (PVC/PNF10)_EBF/EABF. Results confirmed that the suggested PVC/PNF-NCs sheets with smallest dielectric constant may implement in electrical cable. Also, PVC/PNF-NCs sheets may implement optical, electrical devices and γ-ray attenuation field.