Generalized Ince–Gaussian beams propagation through oceanic medium

The study examines how generalized Ince–Gaussian beams (gIGBs) propagate through oceanic turbulence (OT) by decomposing them into a set of Laguerre–Gaussian beams. The Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral is utilized to derive an analytical formula representing the average intensity distribution of these beams at the output surface of the OT medium. Detailed numerical results and discussions regarding both beam and medium parameters effects on gIGBs propagation in OT are provided. These findings showcase an examination of gIGBs for underwater wireless optical communication and imaging systems, employing laser light as conduit for transmitting signals.