Metal–organic frameworks for enhanced performance and stability in perovskite solar cells: a review

The depletion of fossil fuels is escalating the requirement for renewable energy sources. Solar power, being the most abundant and inexhaustible source of energy, offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. In recent times, the third-generation solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing costs. However, PSCs face limitations such as instability and degradation over time. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a solution to these challenges, as they can improve the stability substantially. Additionally, they can enhance the efficiency and overall performance of PSCs. MOFs can be integrated at different parts of the PSC structure, such as in the precursor solution, in interphase layer, or as additive/dopants in HTLs (hole transport layers) and ETLs (electron transport layers). The present review article, provides an in-depth analysis of how MOFs can lead to enhanced charge transfer, reduced recombination, and improved device stability. A detailed discussion is presented on how MOFs play a crucial role to overcome the stability limitations of PSCs. It also offers the insights into innovative strategies that can enhance the efficiency and durability of these solar cells. It can be a valuable resource for readers interested in advancing solar technology and exploring new approaches to sustainable energy.