Novel-shaped expandable quad-port MIMO antenna using FR4 material with features of high isolation and band width for 5G networks, Wi-Fi, and satellite communication applications

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a novel Quad-element CPW wideband MIMO antenna. This design facilitates easy expansion to MIMO configurations with eight and sixteen elements. The MIMO antenna design process began with the analysis of a single-element CPW-fed antenna, progressing through a two-element design to the final four-element configuration.The optimized design is attained by changing the radius of the patch element and varyingthe partial ground length. Two vertically radiating patches are arranged vertically on the same plane,and their return loss performance is analyzed. Performance analysis of the antenna, based on ECC and isolation levels between antenna components, indicates a high degree of element separation. The antenna operates over extensive frequency ranges of 2.3 to 4.8, 7.4 to 13, and 14.7 to 20 GHz, demonstrating a bandwidth of 5.6 GHz and a return loss of -29.14 dB. Fabricated using a low-profile substrate, the design was tested and verified for authenticity.The results show an isolation level exceeding − 50 dB, an ECC value below 0.02, and a CCL lower than 0.2. These attributes make the proposed antenna design highly suitable for 5G networks, satellite communications, air traffic control, Wi-Fi 6E, point-to-point communication, and radio astronomy applications. The innovative structure and verified performance characteristics underscore the potential of this MIMO antenna design in enhancing data transfer speeds and reliability in various communication systems.