The complexity of atmospheric dynamics and the statistical mechanics of the atmospheric system varies with several degrees of freedom for both large-scale and small-scale dynamics of the atmospheric system. Investigating the Tsallis non-extensive statistical mechanics in the atmospheric temperature variation can greatly reveal the possible statistical states of the atmospheric system. Here we analysed the varying conditions of non-extensive statistical mechanics in the dynamics of atmospheric temperature to trace the existence of non-extensive statistical mechanics its seasonal dynamics. The data sets were measured from some locations in the subtropical region of Nigeria, which covers some subtropical belts in the West African region, using the Tsallis q-Gaussian model. Our results show that the Tsallis stationary state q-index obtained from the q-Gaussian probability distribution function range between <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11071_2025_11743_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1.6\le q\le 2.6$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2.6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which ascertains the presence of Tsallis non-extensive statistical dynamics. The values of q-stat were higher in the raining season and lower in dry season in most cases with more distinct annual variation observed at the savannah region compared to the rainforest. However, reduction in the values of q-stat were observed in the rain forest region during the august break period in the year 2011 and 2012. Thus, mirroring a similar pattern to annual cycle, which might be due to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rainfall and humidity influence. However, the values of the q-stat obtained from Port-Harcourt (a coastal region) did not follow the same trend. Also observed is the variation of the symmetry of the q-statistical distribution from a near perfect symmetry in the dry season compared to asymmetric q-Gaussian in the rainy season. This highlights the role of rainfall and humidity as an active seasonal dynamic driver in the atmospheric dynamic system. The implications of this results reveal the viability of Tsallis q-stat in representing and modelling the atmospheric dynamics.

Prevalence and nature of nonextensive statistical mechanics in tropical atmospheric temperature dynamics

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发表日期：

2025年9月22日

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Babalola O. Ogunsua,
Adrian A. Budini,
John A. Laoye

摘要

The complexity of atmospheric dynamics and the statistical mechanics of the atmospheric system varies with several degrees of freedom for both large-scale and small-scale dynamics of the atmospheric system. Investigating the Tsallis non-extensive statistical mechanics in the atmospheric temperature variation can greatly reveal the possible statistical states of the atmospheric system. Here we analysed the varying conditions of non-extensive statistical mechanics in the dynamics of atmospheric temperature to trace the existence of non-extensive statistical mechanics its seasonal dynamics. The data sets were measured from some locations in the subtropical region of Nigeria, which covers some subtropical belts in the West African region, using the Tsallis q-Gaussian model. Our results show that the Tsallis stationary state q-index obtained from the q-Gaussian probability distribution function range between $1.6\le q\le 2.6$ $1.6 \leq q \leq 2.6$ , which ascertains the presence of Tsallis non-extensive statistical dynamics. The values of q-stat were higher in the raining season and lower in dry season in most cases with more distinct annual variation observed at the savannah region compared to the rainforest. However, reduction in the values of q-stat were observed in the rain forest region during the august break period in the year 2011 and 2012. Thus, mirroring a similar pattern to annual cycle, which might be due to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rainfall and humidity influence. However, the values of the q-stat obtained from Port-Harcourt (a coastal region) did not follow the same trend. Also observed is the variation of the symmetry of the q-statistical distribution from a near perfect symmetry in the dry season compared to asymmetric q-Gaussian in the rainy season. This highlights the role of rainfall and humidity as an active seasonal dynamic driver in the atmospheric dynamic system. The implications of this results reveal the viability of Tsallis q-stat in representing and modelling the atmospheric dynamics.