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<p>Sleep is crucial for the formation of long-term memory in humans and animals. Experimental studies have shown that during different sleep stages, the electroencephalogram signals exhibit a specific rhythmic pattern. In the N3 stage of deep sleep, the hallmark of electroencephalogram is the large amplitude and slow frequency (0.2 ~4<i>Hz</i>) fluctuations called slow-wave oscillations generated by the cortex. They are characterized by spontaneous and periodic neural activity patterns alternating between active states and silent states named up and down states, respectively. Slow-wave oscillations play a crucial role in memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity during sleep. Their generation is thought to relate to the interaction between cortical and thalamic circuits. However, the exact mechanisms underlying their generation and maintenance remain unclear. Therefore, in this paper, we simulated the spontaneous slow-wave oscillations generated in the cerebral cortex during the N3 sleep stage based on a class of thalamocortical network models, and discussed the mechanisms of their generation, maintenance, and regulation at the molecular level. The results indicate that spontaneous miniature postsynaptic excitatory potentials are responsible for generating and maintaining slow-wave oscillations and a decrease in spontaneous activity prolongs the down state of slow-wave oscillations. While the enhancement of excitatory synaptic currents modulated by Acetylcholine in the cortex prolongs the up state of slow-wave oscillations. Additionally, an increase in the maximal persistent sodium conductance of cortical neurons prolongs the up state, thereby modulating the slow oscillation rhythm. This work provides model simulation support for the generation, maintenance, and regulation of slow-wave oscillations by exploring various external influence parameters. It may be significant for enhancing our understanding the mechanisms underlying slow-wave oscillations and further investigating their role in memory consolidation, and also offers some theoretical support for treatment directions in related sleep disorders.</p>

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Exploration of the generation, maintenance, and regulation mechanisms of slow-wave oscillations based on a thalamocortical model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Shu Wang,
  • Xuying Xu,
  • Yihong Wang,
  • Xiaochuan Pan,
  • Ying Du,
  • Rubin Wang

摘要

Sleep is crucial for the formation of long-term memory in humans and animals. Experimental studies have shown that during different sleep stages, the electroencephalogram signals exhibit a specific rhythmic pattern. In the N3 stage of deep sleep, the hallmark of electroencephalogram is the large amplitude and slow frequency (0.2 ~4Hz) fluctuations called slow-wave oscillations generated by the cortex. They are characterized by spontaneous and periodic neural activity patterns alternating between active states and silent states named up and down states, respectively. Slow-wave oscillations play a crucial role in memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity during sleep. Their generation is thought to relate to the interaction between cortical and thalamic circuits. However, the exact mechanisms underlying their generation and maintenance remain unclear. Therefore, in this paper, we simulated the spontaneous slow-wave oscillations generated in the cerebral cortex during the N3 sleep stage based on a class of thalamocortical network models, and discussed the mechanisms of their generation, maintenance, and regulation at the molecular level. The results indicate that spontaneous miniature postsynaptic excitatory potentials are responsible for generating and maintaining slow-wave oscillations and a decrease in spontaneous activity prolongs the down state of slow-wave oscillations. While the enhancement of excitatory synaptic currents modulated by Acetylcholine in the cortex prolongs the up state of slow-wave oscillations. Additionally, an increase in the maximal persistent sodium conductance of cortical neurons prolongs the up state, thereby modulating the slow oscillation rhythm. This work provides model simulation support for the generation, maintenance, and regulation of slow-wave oscillations by exploring various external influence parameters. It may be significant for enhancing our understanding the mechanisms underlying slow-wave oscillations and further investigating their role in memory consolidation, and also offers some theoretical support for treatment directions in related sleep disorders.