Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a huge economic burden to China’s livestock industry. A \(SEI_{1}I_{2}RV\) dynamics model of brucellosis with nonlinear incidence is proposed to study the transmission of brucellosis. The model focuses on the acute and chronic phases of infection and the impact of control measures. We introduce the basic reproduction number \(R_0\) . The threshold dynamics of the model are demonstrated through the Jacobian matrix, the Hurwitz criterion, constructing the Lyapunov function, and the second additive composite matrix. Perform sensitivity analysis on threshold parameter \(R_0\) , obtain parameters that have a significant impact on \(R_0\) , for example, \(\beta \) , \(\gamma _1\) , \(\gamma _2\) etc. Propose control measures based on them, and thus introduce the control system of the model. The optimal control strategy was obtained according to the principle of Pontryagin maximum, and the optimal control group was solved by the gradient descent method. Numerical simulations verify the theoretical results of threshold dynamics and sensitivity analysis. Simulate the effectiveness of the optimal system. We propose control measures for 11 different strategy combinations. Confirm that the simultaneous implementation of preventive and therapeutic methods can significantly inhibit the spread of sheep brucellosis. It is also suggested that when the optimal combination has been implemented, the total number of infected sheep can still be reduced by increasing the migration rate from the acute to the chronic stage of infection.
