An intellectual drivers' sensitivity traffic model for adapting taillight effects

In this study, a traffic flow model, the so-called Taillight Adapting (TA) traffic model, is developed considering the driver's activities impact following the taillight effect of the preceding vehicle, which is switched on and off based on the vehicle's accelerations and decelerations. To quantify a driver's sensitivity to the velocity gap, we introduced the concept of the new driver's sensitivity function, which has twofold formulations. The first formulation follows the HDDS model (Hossain and Tanimoto in Sci Rep 12:1–4, 2022), which presumes sensitivity depends on a headway distance. The second formulation presumes that the sensitivity depends on a velocity gap, which the taillight might inform of a preceding vehicle. We have calibrated the neutralizing proficiency of a traffic flow field for the HDDS and proposed the TA model by utilizing the linear stability theory. Finally, a series of numerical simulations of the improved TA model and conventional FVD model have been carried out to investigate how the traffic flow field for the TA model behaves differently from the conventional FVD model.